Global nebulizer device market is forecasted to get to a worth of about United States $ 3,179.7 million in 2024 with a substance yearly development price (CAGR) of 6.7% anticipated for nebulizer tool sales in between 2024 coupled with 2034. By 2034, the marketplace is prepared for to complete around United States $ 6,103.2 million.
The nebulizer device market is seeing substantial development internationally driven by the increasing occurrence of breathing conditions, raising geriatric populace and also expanding need for residence healthcare tools. Nebulizers are clinical gadgets made use of for providing medicine in the kind of a haze that is breathed in right into the lungs. They are generally utilized for the therapy of bronchial asthma, persistent obstructive lung condition (COPD), cystic fibrosis plus various other breathing conditions.
Get Free Sample Copy of This Report: www.factmr.com/connectus/sample?flag=S&rep_id=9609
Market Dynamics
Among the essential chauffeurs of the nebulizer device market is the enhancing occurrence of breathing conditions. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) breathing conditions are accountable for about 4 million fatalities each year. The expanding recognition concerning the advantages of very early medical diagnosis as well as therapy of breathing conditions is additionally sustaining the need for nebulizer tools.
One more element driving the marketplace is the raising geriatric populace. Senior people are extra susceptible to breathing conditions, which is anticipated to boost the need for nebulizer gadgets in the coming years. Furthermore, the increasing medical care expense plus the expanding need for house healthcare gadgets are more adding to market development.
Nonetheless the high price of nebulizer gadgets plus the accessibility of alternate medicine distribution approaches such as inhalers are several of the aspects that might hinder market development. In addition the absence of understanding concerning nebulizer gadgets in establishing nations and also the visibility of stringent guidelines for the authorization of clinical gadgets are likewise obstacles encountered by market gamers.
Market Future Outlook
The nebulizer device market is anticipated to witness considerable development in the coming years driven by technical improvements in nebulizer tools boosting health care expense as well as the expanding occurrence of breathing illness. The marketplace is likewise anticipated to gain from the raising fostering of residence health care gadgets and also the increasing need for mobile nebulizers.
Market Insights
Based upon item kind the marketplace can be fractional right into pneumatically-driven nebulizers, ultrasonic nebulizers coupled with fit together nebulizers. Pneumatically-driven nebulizers are one of the most typically utilized sort of nebulizer devices, owing to their price as well as efficiency. Nevertheless, ultrasonic nebulizers as well as fit together nebulizers are getting appeal because of their mobility plus performance in supplying medicine.
Geographically North America controls the nebulizer tool market adhered to by Europe and also Asia Pacific. The existence of a reputable medical care facilities raising health care expense and also the high occurrence of breathing conditions are a few of the aspects driving market development in these areas.
Key Players
Agilent Technologies Inc.
Allied Healthcare Products Inc.
CareFusion Corporation
Covidien plc
GE Healthcare
GF Health Products Inc.
Omron Healthcare, Inc.
PARI GmbH (Germany)
Koninklijke Philips N.V.
Briggs Healthcare
Competitive Landscape
Leading business in the nebulizer device market are making considerable financial investments in r & d to present cutting-edge items. This consists of the advancement of mobile, quieter, much more effective together with easy to use gadgets commonly incorporating clever innovation for far better therapy tracking coupled with monitoring.
Agilent Technologies Inc. distinguished for its variety of logical and also analysis options might have branched out right into breathing treatment options possibly including innovative modern technology right into nebulizer tools. Allied Healthcare Products Inc. a noticeable producer of breathing treatment tools consisting of nebulizers concentrates on giving items for emergency situation clinical solutions, healthcare facilities and also house health care.
Get Customization on this Report for Specific Research Solutions: www.factmr.com/connectus/sample?flag=RC&rep_id=9609
Nebulizer Device Market - Key Segments
By Product Type :
Compressed Jet Nebulizer
Ultrasound Nebulizer
Mesh Nebulizer
By Application Type :
COPD
Cystic Fibrosis
Asthma
Others
By End User :
Homecare settings
Out Patient settings
Others
By Region :
North America
Latin America
Western Europe
Eastern Europe
South Asia and Pacific
East Asia
Middle East and Africa
Contact:
US Sales Office
11140 Rockville Pike
Suite 400 Rockville, MD 20852
United States Tel: +1 (628) 251-1583, +353-1-4434-232 (D)
Sales Team: sales@factmr.com
About Fact.MR :
We are a trusted research partner of 80% of fortune 1000 companies across the globe. We are consistently growing in the field of market research with more than 1000 reports published every year. The dedicated team of 400-plus analysts and consultants is committed to achieving the utmost level of our client's satisfaction.
This release was published on openPR.
My husband and I sit in the same waiting room we did years ago when our daughter, Claire, was a newborn. A similar sense of anxiety washes over me as I watch for her pulmonologist to emerge from the operating room.
Claire was undergoing a bronchoscopy, a procedure to take a closer look at her lungs and collect samples to identify any bacteria that might be present. The procedure was scheduled after her doctors couldn’t identify the cause of a persistent cough she’s had for four months.
Her pulmonologist finally appeared and shared some surprising news: He believed he’d found the source of our daughter’s chronic cough. He told us that when she was administered anesthesia, her oxygen levels had dropped. Upon hearing this, I instantly panicked. He further explained that she began having bronchial spasms, and her lungs tightened. Because of this, they administered a breathing treatment and her spasms stopped. According to the doctor, this was a chief indicator that she had asthma.
I was shocked. How could she have cystic fibrosis (CF) and asthma? The possibility had never been discussed the entire time we had been searching for answers.
Isn’t cystic fibrosis enough?
A secondary diagnosis for people with cystic fibrosis is not uncommon. The disease affects many systems in the body, leading to a multitude of secondary issues. Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) affects about 19% of people with the disease. A heightened risk of bone and liver disease is also correlated.
Having cystic fibrosis and asthma is even more common than CFRD. The CF Foundation Patient Registry documented the prevalence of asthma in CF patients to be 30.8%. Clinicians in the CF community have identified the presence of both conditions as CF-asthma overlap syndrome. However, very little information is available about the dual diagnosis.
Asthma and cystic fibrosis appear similar in symptomatology, making it hard to differentiate between the two. We spent months doing numerous trials of different medications and a bronchoscopy to finally isolate the issue. I am grateful we now feel like we have answers to the mystery of her long-term cough.
Still, it scares me for her future knowing that she has more than cystic fibrosis to deal with. I now must question whether a flare-up or cough is related to CF or asthma. I still don’t know how to tell the difference, and I’m learning as I go.
Claire’s team of doctors have explained that this may mean she has a harder time kicking respiratory illnesses, even with the addition of highly effective CF modulators. That part of the diagnosis was hard to come to terms with.
Sometimes I question why she has such a hard path with her disease, and now a secondary diagnosis, at just 5 years old. For now, I’m trying to stay calm and remain positive as we manage both conditions. We’ve added a steroid inhalant with her breathing treatments. And after six months of having a consistent cough, she finally stopped right after the holidays.
Our path to Claire’s asthma diagnosis wasn’t linear, but it led us to a place where we can finally address the issues.
Note: Cystic Fibrosis News Today is strictly a news and information website about the disease. It does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. The opinions expressed in this column are not those of Cystic Fibrosis News Today or its parent company, BioNews, and are intended to spark discussion about issues pertaining to cystic fibrosis.
Marketresearch.biz reports that the Respiratory inhaler market is estimated to be valued at US$ 27,779.9 million in 2017, and is expected to register a CAGR of 4.2%.
The Respiratory Inhaler Market encompasses a diverse range of medical devices used for the delivery of medication directly to the lungs, providing relief and management for various respiratory conditions, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis. Inhalers are essential tools in respiratory therapy, offering convenient and effective administration of bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and other respiratory medications. With the increasing prevalence of respiratory diseases worldwide and advancements in inhaler technology, the respiratory inhaler market is witnessing significant growth and innovation.
Get Full PDF Sample Copy of Report (Including Full TOC, List of Tables & Figures, Chart) Click Here to Download a Sample Report: marketresearch.biz/report/respiratory-inhaler-market/request-sample/
You can check In-Detail TOC from here: marketresearch.biz/report/respiratory-inhaler-market/
The Respiratory Inhaler Market report provides a comprehensive exploration of the sector, categorizing the market by type, application, and geographic distribution. This analysis includes data on market size, market share, growth trends, the current competitive landscape, and the key factors influencing growth and challenges. The research also highlights prevalent industry trends, market fluctuations, and the overall competitive environment.
This document offers a comprehensive view of the Global Respiratory Inhaler Market, equipping stakeholders with the necessary tools to identify areas for industry expansion. The report meticulously evaluates market segments, the competitive scenario, market breadth, growth patterns, and key drivers and constraints. It further segments the market by geographic distribution, shedding light on market leadership, growth trends, and industry shifts. Important market trends and transformations are also highlighted, providing a deeper understanding of the market’s complexities. This guide empowers stakeholders to leverage market opportunities and make informed decisions. Additionally, it provides clarity on the critical factors shaping the market’s trajectory and its competitive landscape.
Get Full PDF Sample Copy of Report (Including Full TOC, List of Tables & Figures, Chart) Click Here to Download a Sample Report: marketresearch.biz/report/respiratory-inhaler-market/request-sample/
For More Information or Qurey, Visit @ marketresearch.biz/report/respiratory-inhaler-market/
Our comprehensive Market research report endeavors to address a wide array of questions and concerns that stakeholders, investors, and industry participants might have. The following are the pivotal questions our report aims to answer:
Industry Overview:
Product Analysis:
Financial Metrics:
Strategic Developments:
Pricing and Manufacturing:
Market Opportunities:
Historical Analysis:
What was the estimated value of the Respiratory Inhaler Market in previous years, such as 2022?
Key Players Analysis:
Innovative Trends:
Market Entry and Strategy:
Geographical Analysis:
Consumer Behavior:
Regulatory and Compliance Insights:
Risk Analysis:
External Impact Analysis:
About Company
MarketResearch .Biz, a division of Prudour Pvt Ltd, excels in providing thorough Market research and analytical services. With a strong history of reliability, our company has established itself as a trusted consulting agency and a source for custom Market research insights. At MarketResearch .Biz, we recognize the diverse needs of our clients and are equipped to offer reports tailored to their specific requirements. Our dedication extends beyond standard practices, ensuring that we consistently deliver top-notch insights and a comprehensive view of the Market landscape to our clients.
Mr. Lawrence John
Marketresearch.Biz (Powered By Prudour Pvt. Ltd.)
420 Lexington Avenue, Suite 300
New York City, NY 10170,
United States
Tel: +1 (347) 796-4335
lawrence@marketresearch.biz
inquiry@marketresearch.biz
James SLAD, Abate D, Abate KH, Abay SM, Abbafati C, Abbasi N, et al. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1789–858.
Mattila T, Vasankari T, Kauppi P, Mazur W, Härkänen T, Heliövaara M. Mortality of asthma, COPD, and asthma-COPD overlap during an 18 year follow up. Respir Med. 2023;207: 107112.
Hogg JC. Pathophysiology of airflow limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lancet. 2004;364(9435):709–21.
Postma DS, Rabe KF. The asthma-COPD overlap syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(13):1241–9.
Marcon A, Locatelli F, Dharmage SC, Svanes C, Heinrich J, Leynaert B, et al. The coexistence of asthma and COPD: risk factors, clinical history and lung function trajectories. Eur Respir J. 2021. doi.org/10.1183/13993003.04656-2020.
Slats A, Taube C. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap: asthmatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or chronic obstructive asthma? Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2016;10(1):57–71.
Çolak Y. Undiagnosed (or unrecognised) COPD and asthma: does active case-finding identify clinically impaired patients with treatment potential. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2023. doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202310-1793ED.
Çolak Y, Afzal S, Nordestgaard BG, Vestbo J, Lange P. Prognosis of asymptomatic and symptomatic, undiagnosed COPD in the general population in Denmark: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Respir Med. 2017;5(5):426–34.
Dasgupta S, Ghosh N, Bhattacharyya P, Roy Chowdhury S, Chaudhury K. Metabolomics of asthma, COPD, and asthma-COPD overlap: an overview. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2023;60(2):153–70.
Kelly RS, Dahlin A, McGeachie MJ, Qiu W, Sordillo J, Wan ES, et al. Asthma metabolomics and the potential for integrative omics in research and the clinic. Chest. 2017;151(2):262–77.
Terracciano R, Preianò M, Palladino GP, Carpagnano GE, Barbaro MP, Pelaia G, et al. Peptidome profiling of induced sputum by mesoporous silica beads and MALDI-TOF MS for non-invasive biomarker discovery of chronic inflammatory lung diseases. Proteomics. 2011;11(16):3402–14.
Pelaia G, Terracciano R, Vatrella A, Gallelli L, Busceti MT, Calabrese C, Stellato C, Savino R, Maselli R. Application of proteomics and peptidomics to COPD. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014: 764581.
Gao D, Zhang L, Song D, Lv J, Wang L, Zhou S, et al. Values of integration between lipidomics and clinical phenomes in patients with acute lung infection, pulmonary embolism, or acute exacerbation of chronic pulmonary diseases: a preliminary study. J Transl Med. 2019;17(1):162.
Qiu S, Cai Y, Yao H, Lin C, Xie Y, Tang S, et al. Small molecule metabolites: discovery of biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2023;8(1):132.
Chen L, Lu W, Wang L, Xing X, Chen Z, Teng X, et al. Metabolite discovery through global annotation of untargeted metabolomics data. Nat Method. 2021;18(11):1377–85.
Luan H, Gu W, Li H, Wang Z, Lu L, Ke M, et al. Serum metabolomic and lipidomic profiling identifies diagnostic biomarkers for seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis patients. J Transl Med. 2021;19(1):500.
Wang R, Li B, Lam SM, Shui G. Integration of lipidomics and metabolomics for in-depth understanding of cellular mechanism and disease progression. J Genet Genom. 2020;47(2):69–83.
Correnti S, Preianò M, Fregola A, Gamboni F, Stephenson D, Savino R, et al. Seminal plasma untargeted metabolomic and lipidomic profiling for the identification of a novel panel of biomarkers and therapeutic targets related to male infertility. Front Pharmacol. 2023;14:1275832.
Liang Y, Gai XY, Chang C, Zhang X, Wang J, Li TT. Metabolomic profiling differences among asthma, COPD, and healthy subjects: A LC-MS-based metabolomic analysis. Biomed Environ Sci. 2019;32(9):659–72.
Adamko DJ, Nair P, Mayers I, Tsuyuki RT, Regush S, Rowe BH. Metabolomic profiling of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pilot study differentiating diseases. J Allerg Clin Immunol. 2015;136(3):571-80.e3.
Khamis MM, Holt T, Awad H, El-Aneed A, Adamko DJ. Comparative analysis of creatinine and osmolality as urine normalization strategies in targeted metabolomics for the differential diagnosis of asthma and COPD. Metabolomics. 2018;14(9):115.
D’Amato M, Iadarola P, Viglio S. Proteomic analysis of human sputum for the diagnosis of lung disorders: where are we today? Int J Mol Sci. 2022. doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105692.
Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/GINA-2019-main-report-June-2019-wms.pdf. Accessed on 14 December 2023.
Global Strategy for Prevention, Diagnosis and Management of COPD. goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/GOLD-2023-ver-1.3-17Feb2023_WMV.pdf. Accessed on 14 December 2023.
Nemkov T, Reisz JA, Gehrke S, Hansen KC, D’Alessandro A. High-throughput metabolomics: isocratic and gradient mass spectrometry-based methods. Method Mol Biol. 2019;1978:13–26.
Reisz JA, Zheng C, D’Alessandro A, Nemkov T. Untargeted and semi-targeted lipid analysis of biological samples using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Method Mol Biol. 2019;1978:121–35.
Barnes PJ. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of asthma and COPD. Clin Sci. 2017;131(13):1541–58.
Han MK, Agusti A, Calverley PM, Celli BR, Criner G, Curtis JL, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease phenotypes: the future of COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;182(5):598–604.
Wenzel SE. Complex phenotypes in asthma: current definitions. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2013;26(6):710–5.
Nickler M, Ottiger M, Steuer C, Huber A, Anderson JB, Müller B, et al. Systematic review regarding metabolic profiling for improved pathophysiological understanding of disease and outcome prediction in respiratory infections. Respir Res. 2015;16:125.
Sim S, Choi Y, Park HS. Potential metabolic biomarkers in adult asthmatics. Metabolites. 2021. doi.org/10.3390/metabo11070430.
Pulik K, Mycroft K, Korczyński P, Ciechanowicz AK, Górska K. Metabolomic analysis of respiratory epithelial lining fluid in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease—a systematic review. Cells. 2023. doi.org/10.3390/cells12060833.
Sinha A, Desiraju K, Aggarwal K, Kutum R, Roy S, Lodha R, et al. Exhaled breath condensate metabolome clusters for endotype discovery in asthma. J Transl Med. 2017;15(1):262.
Ravi A, Goorsenberg AWM, Dijkhuis A, Dierdorp BS, Dekker T, van Weeghel M, et al. Metabolic differences between bronchial epithelium from healthy individuals and patients with asthma and the effect of bronchial thermoplasty. J Allerg Clin Immunol. 2021;148(5):1236–48.
Maniscalco M, Paris D, Melck DJ, Molino A, Carone M, Ruggeri P, et al. Differential diagnosis between newly diagnosed asthma and COPD using exhaled breath condensate metabolomics: a pilot study. Eur Respir J. 2018;51(3):1701825.
Fens N, Roldaan AC, van der Schee MP, Boksem RJ, Zwinderman AH, Bel EH, et al. External validation of exhaled breath profiling using an electronic nose in the discrimination of asthma with fixed airways obstruction and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Exp Allerg. 2011;41(10):1371–8.
Jiang T, Dai L, Li P, Zhao J, Wang X, An L, et al. Lipid metabolism and identification of biomarkers in asthma by lipidomic analysis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipid. 2021;1866(2): 158853.
Ntontsi P, Ntzoumanika V, Loukides S, Benaki D, Gkikas E, Mikros E, et al. EBC metabolomics for asthma severity. J Breath Res. 2020;14(3): 036007.
Ried JS, Baurecht H, Stückler F, Krumsiek J, Gieger C, Heinrich J, et al. Integrative genetic and metabolite profiling analysis suggests altered phosphatidylcholine metabolism in asthma. Allergy. 2013;68(5):629–36.
Tian M, Chen M, Bao YL, Xu CD, Qin QZ, Zhang WX, et al. Sputum metabolomic profiling of bronchial asthma based on quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2017;10(10):10363–73.
Quinn KD, Schedel M, Nkrumah-Elie Y, Joetham A, Armstrong M, Cruickshank-Quinn C, et al. Dysregulation of metabolic pathways in a mouse model of allergic asthma. Allergy. 2017;72(9):1327–37.
Ran N, Pang Z, Gu Y, Pan H, Zuo X, Guan X, et al. An updated overview of metabolomic profile changes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Metabolites. 2019;9(6):111.
Pacheco-Alvarez D, Solórzano-Vargas RS, Del Río AL. Biotin in metabolism and its relationship to human disease. Arch Med Res. 2002;33(5):439–47.
Vaz FM, Wanders RJ. Carnitine biosynthesis in mammals. Biochem J. 2002;361(Pt 3):417–29.
Halper-Stromberg E, Gillenwater L, Cruickshank-Quinn C, O’Neal WK, Reisdorph N, Petrache I, et al. Bronchoalveolar lavage Fluid from COPD patients reveals more compounds associated with disease than matched plasma. Metabolites. 2019;9(8):157.
Cruickshank-Quinn CI, Jacobson S, Hughes G, Powell RL, Petrache I, Kechris K, et al. Metabolomics and transcriptomics pathway approach reveals outcome-specific perturbations in COPD. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):17132.
Ghosh N, Choudhury P, Subramani E, Saha D, Sengupta S, Joshi M, et al. Metabolomic signatures of asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) are different from asthma and COPD. Metabolomics. 2019;15(6):87.
Sagar NA, Tarafdar S, Agarwal S, Tarafdar A, Sharma S. Polyamines: functions, metabolism, and role in human disease management. Med Sci. 2021;9(2):44.
Jain V. Role of polyamines in asthma pathophysiology. Med Sci. 2018;6(1):4.
Hoet PH, Nemery B. Polyamines in the lung: polyamine uptake and polyamine-linked pathological or toxicological conditions. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2000;278(3):L417-33.
Kurosawa M, Shimizu Y, Tsukagoshi H, Ueki M. Elevated levels of peripheral-blood, naturally occurring aliphatic polyamines in bronchial asthmatic patients with active symptoms. Allergy. 1992;47(6):638–43.
Zimmermann N, King NE, Laporte J, Yang M, Mishra A, Pope SM, et al. Dissection of experimental asthma with DNA microarray analysis identifies arginase in asthma pathogenesis. J Clin Invest. 2003;111(12):1863–74.
Kurosawa M, Uno D, Kobayashi S. Naturally occurring aliphatic polyamines-induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. Allerg. 1991;46(5):349–54.
Ilmarinen P, Moilanen E, Erjefält JS, Kankaanranta H. The polyamine spermine promotes survival and activation of human eosinophils. J Allerg Clin Immunol. 2015;136(2):482-4.e11.
North ML, Grasemann H, Khanna N, Inman MD, Gauvreau GM, Scott JA. Increased ornithine-derived polyamines cause airway hyperresponsiveness in a mouse model of asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2013;48(6):694–702.
Zuo L, Koozechian MS, Chen LL. Characterization of reactive nitrogen species in allergic asthma. Ann Allerg Asthma Immunol. 2014;112(1):18–22.
Ghosh S, Erzurum SC. Nitric oxide metabolism in asthma pathophysiology. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011;1810(11):1008–16.
Maarsingh H, Leusink J, Zaagsma J, Meurs H. Role of the l-citrulline/l-arginine cycle in iNANC nerve-mediated nitric oxide production and airway smooth muscle relaxation in allergic asthma. Eur J Pharmacol. 2006;546(1–3):171–6.
Wong JM, de Souza R, Kendall CW, Emam A, Jenkins DJ. Colonic health: fermentation and short chain fatty acids. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2006;40(3):235–43.
Rajendiran E, Ramadass B, Ramprasath V. Understanding connections and roles of gut microbiome in cardiovascular diseases. Can J Microbiol. 2021;67(2):101–11.
Enaud R, Prevel R, Ciarlo E, Beaufils F, Wieërs G, Guery B, et al. The gut-lung axis in health and respiratory diseases: a place for inter-organ and inter-kingdom crosstalks. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020;10:9.
Anand S, Mande SS. Diet, Microbiota and Gut-Lung Connection. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:2147.
Ghorbani P, Santhakumar P, Hu Q, Djiadeu P, Wolever TM, Palaniyar N, et al. Short-chain fatty acids affect cystic fibrosis airway inflammation and bacterial growth. Eur Respir J. 2015;46(4):1033–45.
Liu Q, Tian X, Maruyama D, Arjomandi M, Prakash A. Lung immune tone via gut-lung axis: gut-derived LPS and short-chain fatty acids’ immunometabolic regulation of lung IL-1β, FFAR2, and FFAR3 expression. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2021;321(1):L65-l78.
Yoon HJ, Park MK, Lee H, Park TS, Park DW, Moon JY, et al. Effects of respiratory short-chain fatty acids on bronchial inflammation in asthma. World Allerg Organ J. 2020;13(8):100204.
Richards LB, Li M, Folkerts G, Henricks PAJ, Garssen J, van Esch B. Butyrate and propionate restore the cytokine and house dust mite compromised barrier function of human bronchial airway epithelial cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;22(1):65.
Tatsuta M, Kan OK, Ishii Y, Yamamoto N, Ogawa T, Fukuyama S, et al. Effects of cigarette smoke on barrier function and tight junction proteins in the bronchial epithelium: protective role of cathelicidin LL-37. Respir Res. 2019;20(1):251.
Li N, Dai Z, Wang Z, Deng Z, Zhang J, Pu J, et al. Gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res. 2021;22(1):274.
Li C, Zhao H. Tryptophan and its metabolites in lung cancer: basic functions and clinical significance. Front Oncol. 2021;11: 707277.
Naz S, Bhat M, Ståhl S, Forsslund H, Sköld CM, Wheelock ÅM, et al. Dysregulation of the tryptophan pathway evidences gender differences in COPD. Metabolites. 2019;9(10):212.
Gulcev M, Reilly C, Griffin TJ, Broeckling CD, Sandri BJ, Witthuhn BA, et al. Tryptophan catabolism in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2016;11:2435–46.
Mellor AL, Munn DH. IDO expression by dendritic cells: tolerance and tryptophan catabolism. Nat Rev Immunol. 2004;4(10):762–74.
Yan Z, Chen B, Yang Y, Yi X, Wei M, Ecklu-Mensah G, et al. Multi-omics analyses of airway host-microbe interactions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease identify potential therapeutic interventions. Nat Microbiol. 2022;7(9):1361–75.
Ubhi BK, Cheng KK, Dong J, Janowitz T, Jodrell D, Tal-Singer R, et al. Targeted metabolomics identifies perturbations in amino acid metabolism that sub-classify patients with COPD. Mol Biosyst. 2012;8(12):3125–33.
Maneechotesuwan K, Kasetsinsombat K, Wongkajornsilp A, Barnes PJ. Decreased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity and IL-10/IL-17A ratio in patients with COPD. Thorax. 2013;68(4):330–7.
Liu H, Liu L, Fletcher BS, Visner GA. Novel action of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase attenuating acute lung allograft injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;173(5):566–72.
Reyes Ocampo J, Lugo Huitrón R, González-Esquivel D, Ugalde-Muñiz P, Jiménez-Anguiano A, Pineda B, et al. Kynurenines with neuroactive and redox properties: relevance to aging and brain diseases. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2014;2014: 646909.
Savonije K, Weaver DF. The role of tryptophan metabolism in alzheimer’s disease. Brain Sci. 2023;13(2):292.
Sorgdrager FJH, Naudé PJW, Kema IP, Nollen EA, Deyn PP. Tryptophan metabolism in inflammaging from biomarker to therapeutic target. Front Immunol. 2019;10:2565.
Kalantar-Zadeh K, Ganz T, Trumbo H, Seid MH, Goodnough LT, Levine MA. Parenteral iron therapy and phosphorus homeostasis: a review. Am J Hematol. 2021;96(5):606–16.
Li S, Huang Q, Nan W, He B. Association between serum phosphate and in-hospital mortality of patients with AECOPD: a retrospective analysis on eICU database. Heliyon. 2023;9(9): e19748.
Jung SY, Kwon J, Park S, Jhee JH, Yun HR, Kim H, et al. Phosphate is a potential biomarker of disease severity and predicts adverse outcomes in acute kidney injury patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(2): e0191290.
Xu H, Evans M, Gasparini A, Szummer K, Spaak J, Ärnlöv J, et al. Outcomes associated to serum phosphate levels in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome. Int J Cardiol. 2017;245:20–6.
Stroda A, Brandenburg V, Daher A, Cornelissen C, Goettsch C, Keszei A, et al. Serum phosphate and phosphate-regulatory hormones in COPD patients. Respir Res. 2018;19(1):183.
Farah R, Khamisy-Farah R, Arraf Z, Jacobson L, Makhoul N. Hypophosphatemia as a prognostic value in acute exacerbation of COPD. Clin Respir J. 2013;7(4):407–15.
Campos-Obando N, Lahousse L, Brusselle G, Stricker BH, Hofman A, Franco OH, et al. Serum phosphate levels are related to all-cause, cardiovascular and COPD mortality in men. Eur J Epidemiol. 2018;33(9):859–71.
Giraud MF, Naismith JH. The rhamnose pathway. Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2000;10(6):687–96.
Melamed J, Kocev A, Torgov V, Veselovsky V, Brockhausen I. Biosynthesis of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa common polysaccharide antigen by d-Rhamnosyltransferases WbpX and WbpY. Glycoconj J. 2022;39(3):393–11.
Eklöf J, Sørensen R, Ingebrigtsen TS, Sivapalan P, Achir I, Boel JB, et al. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and risk of death and exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an observational cohort study of 22 053 patients. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020;26(2):227–34.
Jacobs DM, Ochs-Balcom HM, Noyes K, Zhao J, Leung WY, Pu CY, et al. Impact of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolation on mortality and outcomes in an outpatient chronic obstructive pulmonary disease cohort. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7(1):ofz546.
Zhang Q, Illing R, Hui CK, Downey K, Carr D, Stearn M, et al. Bacteria in sputum of stable severe asthma and increased airway wall thickness. Respir Res. 2012;13(1):35.
Garcia-Clemente M, de la Rosa D, Máiz L, Girón R, Blanco M, Olveira C, et al. Impact of pseudomonas aeruginosa infection on patients with chronic inflammatory airway diseases. J Clin Med. 2020;9(12):3800.
Kayongo A, Robertson NM, Siddharthan T, Ntayi ML, Ndawula JC, Sande OJ, et al. Airway microbiome-immune crosstalk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Front Immunol. 2022;13:1085551.
Mander A, Langton-Hewer S, Bernhard W, Warner JO, Postle AD. Altered phospholipid composition and aggregate structure of lung surfactant is associated with impaired lung function in young children with respiratory infections. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2002;27(6):714–21.
Telenga ED, Hoffmann RF, Ruben tK, Hoonhorst SJ, Willemse BW, van Oosterhout AJ, et al. Untargeted lipidomic analysis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease uncovering sphingolipids. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;190(2):155–64.
Chen H, Li Z, Dong L, Wu Y, Shen H, Chen Z. Lipid metabolism in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2019;14:1009–18.
Gai X, Guo C, Zhang L, Zhang L, Abulikemu M, Wang J, et al. Serum glycerophospholipid profile in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Front Physiol. 2021;12: 646010.
Kilk K, Aug A, Ottas A, Soomets U, Altraja S, Altraja A. Phenotyping of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on the integration of metabolomes and clinical characteristics. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(3):666.
Kang YP, Lee WJ, Hong JY, Lee SB, Park JH, Kim D, et al. Novel approach for analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) using HPLC-QTOF-MS-based lipidomics: lipid levels in asthmatics and corticosteroid-treated asthmatic patients. J Proteome Res. 2014;13(9):3919–29.
Liu X, Zhang H, Si Y, Du Y, Wu J, Li J. High-coverage lipidomics analysis reveals biomarkers for diagnosis of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2022;1201–1202: 123278.
Agudelo CW, Kumley BK, Area-Gomez E, Xu Y, Dabo AJ, Geraghty P, et al. Decreased surfactant lipids correlate with lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). PLoS ONE. 2020;15(2): e0228279.
Hannun YA, Obeid LM. Principles of bioactive lipid signalling: lessons from sphingolipids. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2008;9(2):139–50.
Kim J, Suresh B, Lim MN, Hong SH, Kim KS, Song HE, et al. Metabolomics reveals dysregulated sphingolipid and amino acid metabolism associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2022;17:2343–53.
Yang Y, Uhlig S. The role of sphingolipids in respiratory disease. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2011;5(5):325–44.
Bowler RP, Jacobson S, Cruickshank C, Hughes GJ, Siska C, Ory DS, et al. Plasma sphingolipids associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease phenotypes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;191(3):275–84.
McCann MR, George De la Rosa MV, Rosania GR, Stringer KA. l-Carnitine and acylcarnitines: mitochondrial biomarkers for precision medicine. Metabolites. 2021;11(1):51.
Gillenwater LA, Kechris KJ, Pratte KA, Reisdorph N, Petrache I, Labaki WW, et al. Metabolomic profiling reveals sex specific associations with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema. Metabolites. 2021;11(3):161.
Callejón-Leblic B, Pereira-Vega A, Vázquez-Gandullo E, Sánchez-Ramos JL, Gómez-Ariza JL, García-Barrera T. Study of the metabolomic relationship between lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on direct infusion mass spectrometry. Biochimie. 2019;157:111–22.
Kim DJ, Oh JY, Rhee CK, Park SJ, Shim JJ, Cho JY. Metabolic fingerprinting uncovers the distinction between the phenotypes of tuberculosis associated COPD and smoking-induced COPD. Front Med. 2021;8: 619077.
Naz S, Kolmert J, Yang M, Reinke SN, Kamleh MA, Snowden S, et al. Metabolomics analysis identifies sex-associated metabotypes of oxidative stress and the autotaxin-lysoPA axis in COPD. Eur Respir J. 2017;49(6):1602322.
Yu B, Flexeder C, McGarrah RW 3rd, Wyss A, Morrison AC, North KE, et al. Metabolomics identifies novel blood biomarkers of pulmonary function and COPD in the general population. Metabolites. 2019;9(4):61.
Lommatzsch M, Cicko S, Müller T, Lucattelli M, Bratke K, Stoll P, et al. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;181(9):928–34.
Idzko M, Hammad H, van Nimwegen M, Kool M, Willart MA, Muskens F, et al. Extracellular ATP triggers and maintains asthmatic airway inflammation by activating dendritic cells. Nat Med. 2007;13(8):913–9.
Hunninghake GM, Cho MH, Tesfaigzi Y, Soto-Quiros ME, Avila L, Lasky-Su J, et al. MMP12, lung function, and COPD in high-risk populations. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(27):2599–608.
Reinke SN, Naz S, Chaleckis R, Gallart-Ayala H, Kolmert J, Kermani NZ, et al. Urinary metabotype of severe asthma evidences decreased carnitine metabolism independent of oral corticosteroid treatment in the U-BIOPRED study. Eur Respir J. 2022;59(6):2101733.
Terracciano R, Pelaia G, Preianò M, Savino R. Asthma and COPD proteomics: current approaches and future directions. Proteom Clin Appl. 2015;9(1–2):203–20.
People with advanced liver disease associated with cystic fibrosis (CF) have more pro-inflammatory bacteria in their feces relative to those without CF- associated liver disease, a study shows.
The findings suggest similar changes in the gut microbiota, or the populations of friendly microbes that naturally live in the intestines. This microbial community helps maintain a balanced gut function, protect against disease-causing organisms, and influences a person’s metabolism and immune system.
Six months of treatment with Trikafta (elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor) reduced the abundance of pro-inflammatory fecal bacteria and intestinal inflammation in people with CF-related liver disease (CFLD).
The data further support the gut-liver axis hypothesis as a cause of CFLD. The hypothesis considers that a CF-associated gut microbiota imbalance promotes intestinal inflammation and leakage that allows pro-inflammatory bacteria to enter the liver, causing liver inflammation and damage.
The study, “Alterations in the fecal microbiota in patients with advanced cystic fibrosis liver disease after 6 months of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor,” was published in the Journal of Cystic Fibrosis.
CF is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene that result in a faulty or missing CFTR protein. As a result, cells cannot properly regulate the flow of salt and water, leading to a thick and sticky mucus being produced that accumulates in organs.
About 10-15% of patients develop CFLD, which is associated with a significant disease burden and for which there are no effective preventive treatments. The underlying mechanisms of CFLD remain poorly known, but growing evidence supports the gut-liver hypothesis.
Trikafta, a next-generation CFTR-modulator therapy, can improve lung function and nutritional status in CF, so researchers in the U.S. sought to characterize the the fecal microbiota in people with or without advanced CFLD, before and after starting Trikafta, to learn more about its effects on liver disease or fecal microbiota. The samples belonged to CF patients, ages 12 and older, enrolled in PROMISE (NCT04038047), a multicenter, observational study of Trikafta’s long-term clinical effects.
“Evaluating the effect of [Trikafta] on the natural history of CFLD may … help determine which model best explains CFLD [mechanisms], a critical step towards developing better therapies for this morbid complication,” the researchers wrote.
The analysis included 11 CF patients with advanced CFLD, classified as elevated blood pressure in the major liver vein and/or liver scarring, that is, cirrhosis, and 23 aged-matched CF patients without liver disease. The patients’ stool samples were collected within 30 days before treatment as a baseline and at one and six months after treatment started. A total of 93 samples were collected.
Most patients carried F508 del, the most common CF-causing mutation, in one copy of the CFTR gene and hadn’t received treatment with other CFTR-modulator therapies.
Compared with those without liver disease, those with advanced CFLD had significantly higher baseline amounts of potential pro-inflammatory Streptococcus salivarius and Veillonella parvula, and a significantly lower abundance of Ruminococcus torques. After six months of Trikafta, relative abundances of S. salivarius and V. parvula were significantly lower in CFLD patients, but not in those without liver disease.
Eight CFLD patients (72%) had decreased fecal calprotectin, a marker of gut inflammation, six months after starting treatment. Of these, half had abnormal calprotectin at baseline, which was normalized after six months. This effect was associated with a significant decrease in S. salivarius and a trend towards decreasing V. parvula.
Of the 23 CF patients without liver disease, most (70%) also had a decrease in fecal calprotectin after six months on Trikafta and half had abnormal fecal calprotectin levels at baseline.
“These results support an association between dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation in CFLD with improvements in both [post-Trikafta], lending further support to the gut-liver axis in [advanced] CFLD,” wrote the researchers, who said future research should characterize fecal microbiota at later timepoints and evaluate its correlation with markers of intestinal integrity and liver function.
University of Calgary researchers have discovered the lungs communicate directly with the brain when there is an infection. Findings show that the brain plays a critical role in triggering the symptoms of sickness, which may change the way we treat respiratory infections and chronic conditions.
The work is published in the journal Cell.
"The lungs are using the same sensors and neurons in the pain pathway to let the brain know there's an infection," says Dr. Bryan Yipp, MD, clinician researcher at the Cumming School of Medicine and senior author on the study. "The brain prompts the symptoms associated with sickness; that overall feeling of being unwell, feeling tired and losing your appetite. The discovery indicates we may have to treat the nervous system as well as the infection."
Prior to this study, conducted in mice, it was thought infections in the lungs and pneumonia induce inflammatory molecules that eventually made their way to the brain through the bloodstream. Sickness was thought to be a consequence of the immune system kicking into action. However, findings reveal that sickness results from nervous system activation in the lung.
Understanding the lung-brain dialogue is important for treatment because bacteria that cause lung infections can produce a biofilm, a coating to surround themselves so the nervous system can't see them. That allows the bug to hide out in the lungs for a long time, which may shed light across diverse serious lung infections that are less symptomatic. For example, an unexplained anomaly Yipp witnessed in the intensive care unit (ICU) during COVID. The phenomenon, coined "happy hypoxia," was being recorded in ICUs throughout the world.
"We would have patients whose oxygen levels were extremely low and X-rays confirmed they may need to be put on life support. Yet, when I went to see the patient, they would say I feel fine," says Yipp. "These people were experiencing limited sickness symptoms even though the virus was aggressively damaging their lungs."
Yipp says understanding the lung brain communication pathways may also have broad implications for people with chronic lung infections like cystic fibrosis (CF). Many people with CF have a biofilm bacterium in their lungs and are asymptomatic. They feel okay, but then have a flare where they can become very ill. The reason for the flare can't always be traced.
"It is possible the flare is also neurological that these people live asymptomatically because bacteria are hiding out," says Yipp.
The findings are the work of an interdisciplinary team including experts in neurobiology, microbiology, immunology, and infectious disease.
"Physician specialties are usually based on individual organs, with pulmonologists caring for the lungs and neurologists caring for the brain. Our study shows the lung is altering the brain and the brain is altering the organ. This intersection of communication is a different way of thinking about disease," says Yipp. "It's all connected to the brain and there are probably even more complex circuits that are happening. We can now think about targeting neurocircuitry along with antibiotics to deal with infections and the sickness they cause."
University of Calgary researchers Drs. Christophe Altier, Ph.D., Joe Harrison, Ph.D., and Deborah Kurrasch, Ph.D., along with Dr. Jaideep Bains, Ph.D., Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, are corresponding authors on the study.
The researchers add there was one more unique finding. Male mice were much sicker than the females even though they had the same bacterial infection. Researchers found that male sickness was more dependent on neuronal communications then females. Yipp says this finding could lend credibility to the so-called "man flu," a colloquial term where men are thought to wildly exaggerate sickness due to respiratory infections. They may not be exaggerating, after all.
More information:
Elise Granton et al, Biofilm exopolysaccharides alter sensory-neuron-mediated sickness during lung infection, Cell (2024). DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.001
Citation:
New research finds a direct communication path between the lungs and the brain (2024, March 21)
retrieved 21 March 2024
from medicalxpress.com/news/2024-03-communication-path-lungs-brain.html
This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no
part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.
Novi High School math teacher Jamie Allcorn takes a pie in the face as part of the school’s Wish Week activities March 14.
Charlie Trammell sits in the bleachers during the students vs. staff basketball game at Novi High School March 15. He will go to Disney World in May thanks to the efforts of the Novi Community School District and the Make-A-Wish Foundation.
Photo provided by Heather Trammell
Advertisement
NOVI — The Novi Community School District came together during Wish Week at the schools March 12-15 to help make the wishes of two chronically ill children come true.
The money raised during Wish Week, often through the purchase of $1 paper stars, will fund an all-expenses-paid trip for each child and their family to go to Walt Disney World through the Make-A-Wish Foundation.
“They’ve granted a wish of a lifetime, basically, for him to get to go to Disney and have the ultimate Disney experience,” said Heather Trammell, whose son, Charlie, is one of the recipients.
Six-year-old Charlie Trammell, of Livonia, has cystic fibrosis, which is a genetic disorder that affects breathing and digestion. As a result of the disease, he has been hospitalized many times during his six years.
He spent eight weeks in the neonatal intensive care unit when he was born, and he underwent major surgery at 2 days old. As a result of cystic fibrosis, he is also pancreatic insufficient, so he has to take enzymes when he eats, and he also does breathing treatments twice a day, or four times, if he is sick. In January, he celebrated his birthday in the hospital with a lung infection that turned into pneumonia due to CF.
“He’s resilient, though. CF is tough. It’s not an easy disease. It’s an invisible disease. When you look at him, you’d never know he has it, but CF is cruel. It takes away a lot of the freedoms of being a kid,” Heather Trammell said. “He’s strapped to a vest twice a day. It’s an hour of breathing treatments twice a day at 6 years old.”
Despite the challenges, Charlie doesn’t let CF get him down.
“It takes a lot of his time, but he looks at it like it’s a badge of honor. He’s proud to have it. He never lets it slow him down. He never uses it as an excuse. My husband and I say it doesn’t define him. It’s what he has. It’s not who he is, but it defines us as parents, if that makes any sense,” Heather Trammell said. “But he’s amazing. He’s resilient. He’s pure joy, so in spite of having a disease that’s evil at its core, he’s pretty incredible.”
Like many children, Charlie, a kindergartener at Roosevelt Elementary School in Livonia, has an obsession with Disney. His mother said that he has loved Disney since he was “itty-bitty” and his room has “Mickey vibes.” Now that he is slightly older, he is into watching YouTube videos about Walt Disney World and the rides.
In order to fund the Trammell family’s trip to Disney and that of one other family whose child is chronically ill, students in the Novi Community School District held various fundraising activities over the course of a week to raise $20,000, as each trip is estimated to cost $10,000. The weeklong trips include everything from airfare, hotel accommodations and park entry fees to Park Hopper passes to allow them to go between the various Disney theme parks: Magic Kingdom, Animal Kingdom, Hollywood Studios and Epcot.
“I think that it’s incredible,” Heather Trammell said of the gesture by Novi Community School District. “I think that it’s a bunch of young kids and teachers giving back to a really worthy cause, and I think that at that age doing fundraising or charity work like that is commendable. It’s noble.”
The school has been working with the Make-A-Wish Foundation for at least five or six years. However, this is the first year the district has sponsored two students, and it was also the first year that the entire district was involved in some way, from the high school all the way down to the elementary schools.
Leading up to Wish Week, the students started their campaign by selling T-shirts. Then, for Wish Week, the students could participate in different activities each day for a nominal fee to go toward the cause. Activities at Novi High School during the week included skipping first hour March 12 to have a pancake breakfast and a concert during third hour March 13 featuring the NHS dance team and the Major VI a cappella choir.
They also had “coin stalls” during their longest class period — fourth hour — March 13. Most classes are 45 minutes, but the fourth hour occurs while other kids are having their lunch, so it is a full 60 minutes. During coin stalls, students were able to bring in change for the teacher to count. The class couldn’t begin until the teacher had finished counting the change, which all went to the cause.
“I had one teacher call me during fifth period and say, ‘Can I stop counting now?’ as they had so much change,” recalled Katie James, one of the instructors who oversees the student council, which is in charge of the Make-A-Wish campaign.
They held a students vs. staff basketball game Friday, March 15, in which Charlie was the guest of honor. James said the game was a real nail-biter, but the staff won by a score of 46-44, with a basket made in the last four seconds of the game.
“It teaches them about a community beyond the walls of the building,” said James. “They get really into it. We always feed into the competitive nature of students by making some of the events, like the Wish Week stars, competitive. Then on Friday when Charlie came and spoke, they were so supportive and sweet to him, and it was really, really nice to see all of them see the direct impact that they will have.”
The Trammell family will be going to Disney in May, and Charlie is super excited for the trip, according to his mom. The name of the other child was not made public.
Advertisement
The idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis market is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 11.87% from US$3.459 billion in 2022 to US$7.585 billion by 2029.
— Knowledge Sourcing Intelligence
NOIDA, UTTAR PARDESH, INDIA, March 19, 2024 /EINPresswire.com/ -- According to a new study published by Knowledge Sourcing Intelligence, the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 11.87% between 2022 and 2029 to reach US$7.585 billion by 2029.
Older persons are mostly affected by Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), a progressive lung disease for which there is no known cause. Breathing becomes more difficult as a result of the lung tissue being thicker and more rigid. Breathlessness, a chronic dry cough, exhaustion, and finally respiratory collapse are some of the symptoms. Although environmental variables and genetic predisposition may play a role, the precise explanation is yet unknown. Lung function examinations and imaging tests are necessary for the diagnosis, which frequently entails ruling out other illnesses. Treatment options include medication, oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, and, in extreme circumstances, the possibility of a lung transplant, all of which are intended to manage symptoms and delay the progression of the disease.
The long-term, progressive lung illness known as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by lung tissue scarring, which results in decreased oxygen supply and rigidity. It is yet unknown what causes it, which is why it is called "idiopathic." Breathlessness, a chronic cough, and exhaustion are among the symptoms, which usually get worse with time. With a median survival of 2–5 years after diagnosis, IPF primarily affects elderly persons and has a bad prognosis. Treatment includes pulmonary rehabilitation, lung transplant in severe cases, and drugs such as nintedanib and pirfenidone to control symptoms and halt the progression of the disease. To improve patient outcomes, research keeps looking into novel treatments and deepens our understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving the disease.
The market is witnessing multiple collaborations and technological advancements, for instance In January 2023 The US FDA gave Lotus Pharmaceutical's Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) for Nintedanib Capsules, a generic form of Boehringer Ingelheim's OFEV®, preliminary clearance. The generic Nintedanib Capsules will be introduced by the company as soon as possible.
Access sample report or view details: www.knowledge-sourcing.com/report/global-idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis-treatment-market
The idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) market is expected to have significant growth in the drug class sector. Pharmaceutical companies are constantly developing new medications that target inflammation and fibrotic pathways as a result of continuous research and development activities. This expands the therapy options available to patients. Advances in early diagnosis and personalized therapy also play a part in the growing use of pharmaceutical interventions. The Drug class sector exhibits substantial potential for expansion, driven by innovation and the ongoing pursuit of effective medicines to enhance patient outcomes and quality of life in the management of IPF, despite obstacles such as high treatment costs and restricted therapeutic alternatives.
Based on drug type, the market for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is expected to rise, with pirfenidone and nintedanib being key players. Because of its effectiveness and tolerability, pirfenidone—which has anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory qualities—has become a mainstay treatment. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor nintedanib, on the other hand, provides a unique mechanism that targets the advancement of fibrosis. Although both medications have shown effectiveness in delaying the course of sickness, nitedanib's distinct mechanism might contribute to the growth of its market. Nonetheless, pirfenidone's lengthier clinical history and established commercial presence might help it maintain its relevance. Ultimately, each segment's growth trajectory will be determined by patient preferences, developing clinical evidence, and market factors.
Based on end-users, Due to several factors, the hospital segment in the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) market is expected to increase significantly. Hospitals provide specialized care through interdisciplinary teams and are major centers for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of complicated respiratory disorders like IPF. As treatment options and diagnostic technology progress, hospitals become the main hubs for complete IPF care. The need for IPF-related services is further fueled by the increased need for hospital admissions and treatments brought on by the growing prevalence of IPF. Furthermore, hospitals frequently have access to clinical trials and cutting-edge therapies, which draws individuals looking for the best care possible for their ailments.
Based on geography the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) market in the Asia-Pacific region is expanding significantly due to factors such as escalating healthcare costs, aging populations, and more awareness. Access to cutting-edge therapies and enhanced diagnostic methods both support the growth. Governmental programs to combat respiratory illnesses and improve healthcare facilities also contribute to the market's expansion. Pharmaceutical businesses and academic institutions working together to promote research and development can result in new remedies that are tailored to the unique needs of the area. Notwithstanding obstacles such as inadequate knowledge and problems with reimbursement, the Asia-Pacific IPF market exhibits encouraging growth prospects.
As a part of the report, the major players operating in the Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), market that have been covered are Boehringer Ingelheim GMBH, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Biogen, Cipla, Hoffman-La Roche AG, Fibrogen Inc, Galapagos NV, Medicinova Inc., Novartis AG, Prometic Life sciences Inc.
The market analytics report segments the Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), market on the following basis:
• BY TREATMENT TYPE
o Drug class
o Oxygen Therapy
o Lung Transplant
o Others
• BY DRUG TYPE
o Pirfenidone
o Nintedanib
• BY END-USER
o Hospital
o Clinic
• BY GEOGRAPHY
o North America
• USA
• Canada
• Mexico
o South America
• Brazil
• Argentina
• Others
o Europe
• Germany
• France
• UK
• Others
o Middle East and Africa
• Saudi Arabia
• UAE
• Others
o Asia Pacific
• China
• India
• Japan
• South Korea
• Taiwan
• Thailand
• Indonesia
• Others
Companies Profiled:
• Boehringer Ingelheim GMBH
• Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
• Biogen
• Cipla
• Hoffman-La Roche AG
• Fibrogen, Inc.
• Galapagos NV
• Medicinova, Inc.
• Novartis AG
• Prometic Life sciences Inc.
Explore More Reports:
• Cystic Fibrosis Market: www.knowledge-sourcing.com/report/cystic-fibrosis-market
• Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Diagnostic And Treatment Market: www.knowledge-sourcing.com/report/idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis-diagnostic-and-treatment-market
• Melanoma Treatment Market: www.knowledge-sourcing.com/report/melanoma-treatment-market
Ankit Mishra
Knowledge Sourcing Intelligence LLP
+1 850-250-1698
email us here
Visit us on social media:
Facebook
Twitter
LinkedIn
Breathing, a fundamental physiological process that plays a crucial role in overall health and well-being, is often taken for granted.1 According to Nelson et al,2 the core of many breathing exercises is diaphragmatic breathing, which is considered the most fundamental demonstration of core function. These exercises involve retraining the muscles of respiration, improving ventilation, and optimizing gaseous exchange.3
Diaphragmatic breathing is recognized as a key component of many exercise protocols and practices, such as meditation, ancient eastern religions, martial arts, and yoga exercises. Diaphragmatic breathing involves the active engagement of the diaphragm to facilitate deep and efficient inhalation and exhalation. For instance, yogic breathing exercises, which originate from the yoga tradition, play a significant role in promoting relaxation, optimizing lung function, fostering emotional balance, and facilitating self-regulation.4 Many of these exercise practices and protocols not only offer diaphragmatic breathing but also incorporate other techniques such as nasal breathing, slow exhalation with pauses, smoothness, steadiness, and self-observation.
Elements of exercise programs in rehabilitation, including the ones mentioned above, have long been recognized for their significant contributions and effectiveness. This type of breathing exercises often encompasses a variety of techniques aimed at improving lung function enhancing oxygenation and strengthening the muscles involved in respiration.5–7 They play a role in helping patients recover from conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),8 asthma9 and post-surgical recuperation.10
Breathing exercises aim to improve pulmonary status, increase endurance, and enhance overall function in daily living activities.3 In particular, traditional breathing exercises such as slow breathing, pursed lip breathing, and incentive spirometry have been proven effective in enhancing respiratory capacity and alleviating symptoms associated with these conditions.11–13 However, the success of these exercises can be influenced by factors such as adherence, motivation levels and the perception of routines.14,15
Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in specific often involves a range of breathing exercises designed to meet the needs of patients. One example is diaphragmatic breathing exercise, which focuses on improving the efficiency of the diaphragm muscle for inhalation.16 This technique encourages deep, slow breaths to maximize lung expansion and enhance ventilation.17 Pursed lip breathing exercise also helps prevent airway collapse by maintaining positive pressure during exhalation reducing breathlessness in conditions like COPD.18 In addition, incentive spirometry devices guide patients through inhalations to increase lung capacity and clear airways after surgery.19 These exercises are crucial in pulmonary rehabilitation programs as they not only improve lung function but also help individuals regain control over their breathing.
The benefits of incorporating these exercises into rehabilitation are widely recognized. However, some people may face challenges in maintaining timing, frequency or focus on their breath during these exercises.20 Therefore, it is important to provide guidance that helps individuals maintain a breathing rhythm and awareness.
Virtual Reality (VR) technology has made advancements in recent years bringing innovative solutions to various fields, including healthcare.21 With its interactive and immersive features, VR has the potential to revolutionize breathing exercises by making them engaging and enjoyable.22 Patients can be taken to tranquil settings for guided meditation, exciting adventures, or serene landscapes by combining therapeutic breathing exercises with engaging virtual environments and scenarios.23 This combination does not help distract patients from the nature of conventional exercises but also motivates them to actively participate potentially improving their adherence to rehabilitation routines. Furthermore, real time feedback and gamified elements provided by VR enable patients to track their progress and challenge themselves making the process of enhancing function not more effective but also more enjoyable.24
VR offers an experience where patients actively participate in their rehabilitation creating a sense of presence and control. What sets VR apart is its ability to completely immerse users in environments making them feel like they are physically present in that world. This immersive nature of VR can be incredibly helpful in reducing stress and anxiety during breathing exercises.25 Many patients with conditions often feel anxious and uncomfortable due to the limitations imposed by their condition. Through the utilization of VR, patients can be sensory transported to serene and calming environments such as beaches, tranquil forests, or soothing meditation gardens. This immersive experience helps patients mentally escape from their discomforts and anxieties creating an atmosphere for effective breathing exercises and rehabilitation.25
Moreover, the interactivity offered by VR brings a level of engagement.26 This means that patients can actively take part in their rehabilitation routines while immersed in a world often mimicking real life activities. For example, they can follow the instructions of an instructor as they engage in deep breathing exercises while observing how their avatar responds within the virtual environment. The ability to interact with objects and manipulate them within these spaces fosters a sense of control which can be particularly empowering for individuals undergoing rehabilitation.27
In years, there has been a growing trend in utilizing VR to aid breathing exercise. However, there is lack of literature on how these exercises are currently incorporated into VR experiences making it challenging to evaluate their effectiveness. Particularly noteworthy is a scoping review that examines the current state of knowledge on this phenomenon. The only similar study that seems to have exist is Pancini et al study28 on the significance of VR breathing exercise in promoting mental health, while those on pulmonary rehabilitation is very limited. Additionally, it remains uncertain which rehabilitation outcomes have been accessed and whether these interventions yield results.
Virtual reality has grown increasingly common in healthcare intervention, notably in exercise and rehabilitation programs. The use of VR as a feasible tool for breathing exercises in rehabilitation has been examined. Numerous research has investigated the viability and efficiency of adopting VR in diverse contexts. In one study, patients with COPD employed immersive VR headsets as part of a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) exercise program.29 Twelve COPD patients took part in a six-week VR headset-based HIIT training as part of the study. Short bursts of high-intensity activity were alternated with rest or low-intensity exercise as part of the HIIT program. The patients were provided an immersive experience utilizing the VR headset, which lessened their feeling of effort and helped to inspire them. The feasibility and acceptability of VR-HIIT for COPD patients was determined by the authors. Without experiencing any serious side effects, the patients were able to conclude the HIIT program in a safe manner. Additionally, they noted that the VR experience was pleasurable and that it kept them motivated. The study’s findings show that VR-HIIT may be a novel and promising PR technique for COPD patients. Better patient results may arise from VR-HIIT’s capacity to increase desire and adherence to workout routines.
Another study examined the acceptability and safety of a VR-based deep breathing exercise for kids and teenagers getting over a concussion.30 Concussion, categorized as a mild traumatic brain injury, triggers a series of pathophysiological changes and disruptions in brain function. These effects extend to various aspects of respiratory function, such as alterations in breathing rate, mechanics, and the levels of end tidal carbon dioxide.31 Thus, fifteen participants were recruited in the study from a specialty concussion clinic within a tertiary care medical center, aged 11 to 22, who had received a concussion in the previous three months. The participants used a VR headset to pace a 5-minute deep breathing exercise. They were introduced to a serene virtual world and educated in deep breathing strategies by the VR experience. Participants discussed their experiences and any changes in their symptoms following the activity. The outcomes demonstrated that the participants considered the VR-based deep breathing exercise to be both safe and well-tolerated. None of the participants quit the workout or complained of acute discomfort. Three individuals noticed a small increase in headache, nausea, or dizziness; however, these symptoms were simply transient and did not call for medical treatment.
VR gaming and exergaming-based therapies were found to have weak to insignificant effects on heart rate and oxygen saturation in individuals with respiratory difficulties, and to have minor impacts on dyspnea, according to a systematic review and meta-analysis.32 Seventy-nine people with a range of respiratory conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), participated in the evaluation’s 19 trials. The meta-analysis’s findings demonstrated that VR exercise helped people with respiratory disorders improve their quality of life, capacity for activity, and dyspnea. Although the effect sizes were statistically significant, they ranged from low to moderate. The authors concluded that VR exercise is a practical new approach to exercise therapy for those with respiratory issues.
Furthermore, it was discovered that practicing breathing exercises with a VR system that offers multimodal biofeedback-including tactile and visual feedback-was both entertaining and successful.33 Twelve people took part in the study and used the VR equipment to conduct eight sessions of slow breathing exercises. The VR device guided the participants’ respiration with both physical and visual input. When they breathed appropriately, the participants could feel a slight vibration on their abdomen and view a virtual depiction of their own abdomen. The study’s findings demonstrated how well the multimodal VR system guided the participants’ deep, steady breathing. Following the completion of the slow breathing exercises, the participants’ breathing rate dramatically dropped. The VR system, according to the participants, improved the workouts’ motivation and enjoyment. The multimodal VR system is a viable and promising method of delivering slow breathing exercises, according to the research’s conclusion.
The findings of these studies, collectively, demonstrate the immense potential of VR breathing exercises as a cutting-edge method for managing respiratory health and rehabilitation. Further research is required to examine the wider applicability and enduring impacts of VR breathing exercises, as well as to determine the most efficient VR therapies for specific medical conditions and demographics.
This paper provides a scoping review of existing knowledge on the possibilities of integrating VR exercise in breathing rehabilitation. Therefore, this paper aim to provide answer to this research question: “Does VR Based Exercise Therapy Offer Significant Improvement in Patients/Participant Breathing rehabilitation/Function?”
Scoping reviews are undertaken with the purpose of delineating and examining emerging concepts within a particular field of research.34 In contrast to conventional systematic reviews that focus on narrower research issues and have a well-defined pool of relevant studies, scoping reviews are employed to explore emerging research domains and elucidate fundamental concepts.35
Three electronic databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library, were searched from October 28 to November 10, 2023. The query of the databases involves the use of the keywords “breathing rehabilitation, respiratory rehabilitation, virtual reality exercise, mixed reality exercise, and augmented reality exercise” to search their core collections. Following the search, citations were retrieved by the citation manager for reference management, while duplicate records were automatically excluded.
For this scoping review, articles were included without considering the specific research design. However, it is important to note that only studies involving human participants were considered, and studies involving animals were excluded from the review. articles published in English were included, and no English articles were excluded to avoid potential limitations associated with non-English papers. Specifically, the focus was on studies related to virtual reality exercise for breathing or respiratory rehabilitation, while studies outside the scope of this review were excluded. There were no restrictions regarding the year of publication or geographic region. However, articles that did not directly address the review question were excluded. Additionally, it is important to note that rehabilitation other than breathing was not within the scope of this review. Conference papers, systematic reviews, notes, secondary studies, and other reviews were excluded, prioritizing primary and original studies. The focus was on studies aimed at breathing functions and exercise, without specific limitations on the patient’s or participant’s condition. The emphasis was on including studies that directly contributed to the enhancement of breathing functions.
Following the retrieval of 236 citations from the databases, 42 duplicate records were removed automatically. The remaining data was then exported to Excel software version 12.0. The title and abstract of the articles were screened, and a total of 173 references were removed. The remaining 18 articles were subjected to full text screening to examine studies in line with the inclusion criteria and studies directly providing answers to the research. In this process, 10 articles not within the context of this research were excluded (Figure 1).
 |
Figure 1 Article screening flowchart. |
The eight included studies were appraised to examine the methodological and reporting quality of these articles to rate the article’s risk of bias in planning, execution, and result presentation. In doing these, the Jonas Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist36 for randomized trials was utilized since all the studies were randomized trials37 (Appendix 1). The checklist contained 13 appraisal questions, but only applicable 10 questions were utilized. Articles are rated yes if they checked positive, no if they checked native, and unclear if they are unsure of whether they are positive or negative. At the end, overall ratings were based on %yes. Articles were considered high-quality if they scored 80% and above, moderate quality if they scored between 50% and 60%, and those below 50% were low quality and unfit for inclusion in this scoping review.
Noteworthy, following the appraisal of the eight included articles, it was interesting to note that all the studies were of high quality and had a low risk of bias, with none of the papers scoring less than 80% Yes (Table 1). Notably, Rodrigues et al38 was the only study that checked positive for all the checklist questions with 100%. True randomization, allocation concealment, and similarity at baseline were positive across all the studies. Similarly, there was a proper record of follow-up, measures, and reliability, and appropriate statistical analysis was considered by all the included studies.
 |
Table 1 Quality Assessment of the Included Studies |
Information pertinent to this review objective was synthesized into a formulated Excel form, allowing a summary of each article’s information under various headings. The information extracted includes the corresponding author name, year of publication, country, journal, aim of the paper, sample characteristics, ie, demographic data, settings, patients, design, virtual reality system used, description of the system, measures, instrument, method of data collection and analysis, result, and main findings (Appendix 2).
Moreover, the findings of the synthesis indicate that there has been a growing interest in the integration of virtual reality (VR) technology into breathing exercise program in recent years. As shown in Figure 2, there has been an increase in research in this domain.
 |
Figure 2 Article distribution by year. |
The publications included in the study came from five distinct countries, with the United States and Brazil emerging as the major contributors. Each of these countries provided two articles, making them the most significant contributors among the eight papers analyzed. Similarly, the Journal of Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback exhibited the greatest quantity of publications, whereas the remaining articles were published in the Asian Journal of Nursing, Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Journal of Personalized Medicine, Journal of Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback, Journal of Medical Internet Research, and Journal of BMC Psychiatry.
Multiple convenient sample sizes were utilized, with an average sample size of 42 and a total sample size of 296. The sample population consists of individuals of both male and female genders, with a median age range spanning from 21.6 to 63.4 years. The individuals involved in the research were categorized as either in-patients or out-patients across the several investigations. The research involved patients or participants who shown a need to enhance their breathing functionality. All participants were randomly assigned to receive the VR-based intervention, and this assignment was conducted in accordance with relevant ethical consent procedures.
The study conducted by Kang et al39 in 2020 is the initial study included in the analysis, achieving a quality assessment score of 80%. The research utilized virtual reality technology to create an innovative breathing exercise solution that does not require contact with the mouth. Additionally, the study assessed the feasibility and effectiveness of this exercise technique. The proposed system is a virtual reality-based breathing exercise system, referred to as VR-BRES. The developers have integrated gaming features and a soft stretch sensor into their virtual reality-based self-regulatory biofeedback breathing workout system. The study assessed the feasibility and effectiveness of the system in comparison to the standard deep breathing (CDB) exercise. A total of 50 healthy participants (23 males and 27 females) with an average age of 42.52 ± 15.76 years were included in the analysis. The study involved individuals who were admitted as inpatients. Various respiratory parameters, such as forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow (PEF), were assessed using a portable spirometry device called Pony FX (COSMED, USA). The utilization of the Virtual Reality-based Breathing Rehabilitation System (VR-BRES) yielded notable improvements in the parameters during the breathing rehabilitation program. Significantly, the outcomes of participants’ evaluations indicate that, in comparison to the standard deep breathing CDB exercise system, users regarded the breathing exercise with VR-BRES as more engaging, effective, and with a higher intention to utilize. Despite the lack of major differences in convenience across the various exercise approaches, However, the findings of the study indicate that virtual reality can serve as an effective training system for the purpose of respiratory rehabilitation.
Blum et al study20 assessed the feasibility of utilizing a virtual reality exercise system for diaphragmatic breathing with the incorporation of biofeedback algorithms. The VR-based system also employs a respiratory biofeedback method. To assess the effectiveness of this system, a total of 72 participants, with a majority of 56 females and 16 males, were randomly assigned to engage in a brief VR-based breathing exercise. The average age of the participants was 21.6 years. The study involved a group of outpatients, and the variables assessed included participants’ post-exercise experience, subjective breath awareness after exercising, respiratory-induced abdomen motions during the exercise, and heart rate variability throughout the exercise. These measurements were obtained using the Oculus Rift CV1. In comparison to a control group engaging in focused breathing exercises, the findings of the study suggest that a VR-based breathing exercise system, when integrated with biofeedback, enhances respiratory sinus arrhythmias with a particular emphasis on slow diaphragmatic breathing. Similarly, enhancing breathing awareness and achieving an elevated level of user satisfaction.
The study conducted by Betka et al40 focused on leveraging VR as a potential solution for addressing the issue of persistent dyspnea, often known as shortness of breath, among individuals in the recovery phase of COVID-19. The VR-based breathing workout system was utilized to construct a visual respiratory feedback function. The randomized experiment included a cohort of 26 participants, the majority of whom were male, with a median age of 55. The study involved individuals who were admitted as inpatients. The respiratory rate and respiratory rate variability were assessed as progression indicators of pulmonary rehabilitation. These parameters were recorded using the Go Direct® Respiration Belt, manufactured by Vernier, Beaverton, OR, USA. The intervention group was provided with synchronous feedback regarding their breathing, while the control group received asynchronous feedback. The assessment of the results was conducted using a combination of breathing recordings and questionnaires. The results of the trials suggest that the implementation of the Individual VR exercise system led to enhanced breathing comfort among participants in the intervention group, whereas no statistically significant improvements were observed in the control group. Although no negative effects were noted by the subjects, the research documented an increased level of user satisfaction and perception.
Cruz and collaborators conducted a study41 in which various parameters were measured, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate (RR), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). These measurements were obtained utilizing the Epson PowerLite H309A and Xbox One Kinect devices. However, the study discovered that virtual reality-based therapy (VRBT) significantly enhances breathing rehabilitation by influencing various physiological parameters such as heart rate, respiratory rate, and rate of perceived exertion. These effects were observed during the execution of VRBT as well as during moments of rest and at 1, 3, and 5 minutes of recovery. The present study involved a cluster trail done at an outpatient rehabilitation center in Brazil, with a sample of 27 individuals with a mean age of 63.4 years.
In a trial conducted by Ruzicky et al42 in which a pulmonary rehabilitation program, utilizing virtual reality technology to perform exercises, was provided to a group of 32 inpatient individuals diagnosed with COVID-19. The assessment included criteria such as breathing exercise tolerance and other factors. The findings from the trials indicate that the analysis of the initial data shown that a hospital-based pulmonary rehabilitation program lasting for a duration of three weeks resulted in enhanced exercise tolerance among those affected by COVID-19. Additionally, this program was associated with a decrease in symptoms related to depression and anxiety.
Rodrigues et al38 similarly examine the potential impact of VR on the experience of dyspnea, as well as other factors including pain symptom management, well-being perception, anxiety, and depression, in a sample of 44 hospitalized individuals with COVID-19. The average age of the participants is 48.9, and the distribution of samples is equal between genders. A novel biofeedback VR breathing exercise, incorporating gaming elements and a lens, was created for the purpose of assessing dyspnea as the major outcome. Additionally, the secondary outcomes of arterial hypertension, heart rate, respiratory rate, and SpO2 were also evaluated. Upon completion of the studies, it is evident that exercise therapy utilizing VR has a substantial impact on reducing symptoms of dyspnea as well as other measurable secondary outcomes.
A previous investigation conducted by Russell et al43 centered on the utilization of virtual reality to facilitate paced diaphragmatic breathing (DB) training. The study involved a randomized trial of 60 female outpatients who were assigned to receive a treatment consisting of VR-based breathing exercises. The study examined many outcomes, including heart rate variability, breathing rate, and assessments of motion nausea. It is important to note that heart rate variability is a controversial outcome measure herein. Heart rate variability is often used as an indicator of autonomic nervous system activity, specifically reflecting the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic influences on heart rate. However, its interpretation as a direct measure of parasympathetic drive is subject to debate and caution. The study’s results indicate that the implementation of VR-based timed DB exercises leads to a notable enhancement in breathing functions and the activation of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). This activation of the PNS effectively mitigates physiological responses linked to motion sickness.
In a study conducted by Shiban et al,44 the researchers examined the use of diaphragmatic breathing as a coping strategy in the context of virtual reality exposure therapy for aviophobia. The trial comprised a cohort of 29 individuals, with a significant majority being female. The measurement of both heart rate and respiration rate was conducted after the VR-exposure treatment. The findings indicate that the incorporation of VR technology into diaphragmatic breathing exercises yields enhancements in respiratory functions and aids in the alleviation of aviophobia.
This research presents a scoping review that investigates the significance of integrating virtual reality exercise into breathing rehabilitation. Although different breathing techniques like mindful breathing, focused breathing, diaphragmatic breathing, and abdominal breathing are commonly used in clinical settings, there is a growing interest in exploring how emerging virtual reality technology could help with slow and controlled breathing, which could help with relaxation and improve respiratory functions.
Based on the review of eight high-quality studies in this research, it is clear that VR technology has the potential to boost breathing function even more than traditional breathing exercises. This finding was corroborated by all of the trials included in the study. Of note, the majority of the reviewed papers relied on pilot studies or control studies as the basis for their research. Additionally, a subset of the papers focused solely on describing the design and development processes of their systems.
Blum et al20 showed that a VR-based tool can work and be useful for encouraging slow diaphragmatic breathing through biofeedback of the respiratory system. The research conducted involved the development of a VR system for conducting breathing exercises. The study revealed how well a respiratory biofeedback method used in virtual reality could teach people how to control their breathing patterns and improve their overall respiratory health. It was quite interesting that the VR system developed in their paper facilitates the regulation of participants’ respiration through the utilization of visual stimuli. Showing each participant, a virtual representation of their chest cavity, wherein the color of the cavity changed in accordance with the depth of their breath further enhance participant breathing awareness. Upon the conclusion of multiple virtual reality training sessions, the participants acquired the ability to regulate their breathing patterns in a consistent and profound manner. This, however, facilitate the acquisition of improved breathing management skills, as a result of the biofeedback on their respiratory patterns. The findings of this study proved the feasibility and acceptability of utilizing VR for breathing rehabilitation and respiratory biofeedback.
In contrast to different methods for breathing exercises, growing evidence and reports have consistently demonstrated the efficacy of the VR exercise system in enhancing breathing rehabilitation. This improvement is achieved through the utilization of the VR respiratory biofeedback technique, which not only offers participants an enjoyable and motivating experience but also provides them with valuable feedback on their breathing patterns. The observation of a notable rise in forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) after the VR-based breathing exercise training indicates the presence of this phenomenon. The integration of respiratory biofeedback techniques into the VR system in Blum study may presents a promising avenue for breathing rehabilitation, offering potential benefits offering potential benefits for individuals seeking to enhance their breathing capabilities. It was further underlined by the study that the advantages of VR can also be taken into account for several respiratory disorders, such as cystic fibrosis, COPD, and asthma, which may benefit from the technology.The link between success and the swift growth of VR breathing techniques may be attributed to the provision of a very engaging and immersive workout experience. All of the evaluated research consistently placed focus on these features. One of the studies,39 compared the efficacy and usefulness of a VR breathing exercise system to conventional deep breathing exercises. The findings of their trial indicated that although individual variations in breathing function exist, the use of a VR-based exercise system resulted in a noteworthy enhancement of breathing parameters. In-addition, their user reviews indicated that these training routines are highly captivating, enjoyable, and high intention to use.
Similar to Blum’s findings, the fact that biofeedback and self-regulation are part of the virtual reality exercise system may explain the success of the breathing exercise system. This finding aligns with assertions made by other scholars, as its distinctiveness correlates to the visualization of respiratory signals that offers respiratory feedback. This was also emphasized by Kang et al VR-based breathing exercise system,39 which provides biofeedback through breathing signal visualization, such as the avatar rabbit jump. The importance of this biofeedback was also underscored in a prior study, which demonstrated that women with limited thoracic movement experienced notable changes in respiratory parameters when incorporating visual feedback of diaphragmatic motion through ultrasound imaging into their VR breathing exercise regimen. Significantly, the transformation of the physical expansion of the chest or abdomen during inhalation into visual cues that are promptly relayed to the participants was effectively augment and engagement in breathing exercises was heightened.
The integration of bio-respiratory visual feedback into virtual reality exercise can also be utilized in addressing dyspnea38,40. In line with the findings of these authors, the inclusion of visual-respiratory feedback or self-regulating biofeedback in VR interventions may enhance the breathing comfort of patients in the recovery phase of COVID-19 pneumonia, particularly those who are experiencing persistent dyspnea. Betka et al further confirmed these through their clinical experiment, including patients who are undergoing recovery from COVID-19 and are persistently affected by dyspnea.40 The authors posited that in cases where alternative respiratory treatments or interventions prove ineffective and potentially result in serious complications such as cognitive impairments, mental health disorders, and motor impairments, the implementation of a virtual reality-based breathing exercise intervention could yield substantial success in addressing the issue of persistent dyspnea. This observation aligns with the findings of the Rodrigues et al study, wherein a significant decrease in dyspnea and fatigue was seen among those affected by COVID-19 following VR-based exercise intervention.38
Virtual reality breathing exercise intervention demonstrates a broader impact beyond its application to COVID-19 patients. This claim was similarly supported by a recent study which indicated that VR tool can also effectively reduce tiredness and dyspnea in obstructive pulmonary patients via administering virtual reality-based pulmonary rehabilitation.45
Additionally, a recent randomized control study conducted in Saudi Arabia (42) focused on children with repaired congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), who are known to continue living with chronic lung issues and demonstrate lower cardiorespiratory fitness compared to their healthy counterparts. Consequently, there is a risk of declining functional performance and physical ability in these children due to reduced cardiopulmonary fitness. However, the study highlighted that when VR-based exercises are combined with traditional physical therapy, these children with repaired CDH experienced more significant improvements in their pulmonary functions, cardiopulmonary capacity, functional performance, and quality of life compared to those who received traditional physical therapy alone46. However, without a detailed explanation of the underlying mechanism of action, it is challenging to fully understand how VR-based exercises contribute to these positive outcomes. The absence of a conceptualized framework in several studies limits our ability to contextualize and interpret the study findings within a theoretical framework.
This growing evidence among adults and kids supports the assertion that a VR-based breathing exercise system can be considered as a potential alternative approach which is non-invasive and has no pharmacological features for promoting the rapid recuperation of patients.
This scoping review founds VR breathing exercise therapy to be a promising tool in terms of patient satisfaction and the potential to alleviate the breathing issues and persistent dyspnea commonly observed in individuals recovering from severe conditions like Covid-19. Clinical improvements were observed in various aspects as a result of the VR biofeedback breathing intervention. Participants demonstrated noteworthy improvements in fatigue levels, and overall comfort during breathing exercises. Moreover, positive alterations were observed in vital signs, encompassing heart rate and other cardiopulmonary parameters as reported by Betka et al.
To show how fast these rehabilitation techniques can be, limited exposure of people having breathing problems to short synchronous VR interventions incorporating visuo-respiratory features may improve breathing comfort. The uniqueness of the Immersive VR developed by Betka and associates and the VR-assisted therapeutic breathing exercise system developed by Rodrigues et al underscores the importance of cardiac or respiratory synchrony and self-regulating biofeedback.38,40 This synchrony creates a system that offers a better outcome. For example, the utilization of a “virtual body that is animated by the patient’s own respiratory movements”, a “complete duration of the breathing sequence”, and a comparable “three-dimensional virtual environment” contribute to enhanced involvement in breathing exercises.
The provision of synchronous feedback has been found to significantly enhance the perception of control among patients with respect to their respiratory function, as reported in multiple studies20,39,40. Consequently, this heightened sense of control contributes to the enhancement of breathing self-regulation and awareness. Although the initial stage of Betka’s study did not show a statistically significant decrease in breathing discomfort, it did reveal a notable improvement in overall breathing comfort when utilizing synchronous visuo-respiratory stimulation. The insignificant initial phase result may be attributed to semantics or subjective discomfort ratings. This claim is consistent with the findings of a study conducted recently on the effects of a virtual reality-based breathing therapy on physiological responses in breathing rehabilitation.41 Specifically, their findings indicated that this therapy is effective in conditioning the participants during the execution phase. However, it was noted that elevated levels of respiratory rate and other cardiac parameters may be achieved during the recovery phase, and these effects can persist for up to 5 minutes. It is not surprising that such interventions can have an impact on various hemodynamic functions during the recovery phase, even up to a few minutes after the activity has ended. Nevertheless, the diverse effects observed in their virtual reality breathing therapy may be attributed to the differential levels of effort and intensity applied during the treatment. These, however, raise the importance of exercising caution throughout the administration of the virtual reality intervention, particularly in terms of closely monitoring the level of virtual reality exertion.
Betka40 and Cruz41 successfully demonstrated the safety and cost-effectiveness of immersive VR-based digital therapeutics and virtual reality breathing therapy. They posited that VR-based interventions can be utilized as alternative cardiovascular interventions for individuals who are either in-patients or out-patients and are facing respiratory or breathing challenges. This tool can offer a supplementary approach for treatment and assessment, thereby reducing the potential for transmission and mitigating the established adverse effects linked to opioid therapy.
Additionally, this scoping review identified exercise tolerance; a key indicator of cardiovascular endurance during breathing rehabilitation, and the implications of optimal lung function as another important area in which VR can be leveraged. This was supported by Ruzicky et al investigation on the importance of VR in enhancing exercise tolerance.42 They emphasize incorporation of VR-breathing exercise rehabilitation into COVID-19 rehabilitation therapy due to its numerous advantages in enhancing respiratory problems. Their three-week VR pulmonary rehabilitation program for COVID-19 inpatients demonstrated a noteworthy effect, as patients exhibited notable improvements in exercise tolerance subsequent to exposure to VR breathing exercise. While there was a gain in functional ability, the improvement in quality of life was not found to be significant, and no notable advantage over conventional treatments was noted. This observation is in contrast with the conclusions drawn by previous researchers, who discovered a notable and distinct advantage of VR breathing exercises over traditional rehabilitation interventions.
The preliminary nature of the data analysis in the their study42 and brief duration of the VR exposure may be attributed to the insignificance findings. Therefore, possibly conducting a re-evaluation with a more extensive sample size over long period of exposure could potentially yield a positive outcome. Despite these findings, the author asserts, in alignment with prior research, that the integration of VR into breathing rehabilitation therapy presents a viable approach for mitigating the long-term consequences of COVID-19 and other respiratory ailments.
This review synthesizes evidence suggesting that VR breathing exercise interventions have the potential to yield more favorable outcomes compared to conventional interventions. Specifically, these interventions can effectively promote increased awareness of patients’ breathing status and facilitate the maintenance of a balanced pulmonary function. Moreover, VR exercise tool’s ability to provide entertainment, engagement, and interactivity aligns with its distinct advantage over usual exercise methods that entail passive exercise participation. This, however, leads users to see exercise, typically seen as a highly demanding activity, as an enjoyable and immersive experience owing to its interactive characteristics.
In comparison to traditional breathing exercise interventions, a study conducted by Russell et al demonstrated that the diaphragmatic breathing protocol resulted in a drop-in respiration rate, an increase in parasympathetic nervous system tone, and a reduction in the occurrence of motion sickness symptoms.43 The objective of activating the parasympathetic nervous system, as indicated by an increase in heart rate variability, was successfully accomplished, potentially resulting in the prevention of symptoms associated with motion sickness. Furthermore, these findings provide additional support for the assertion that the utilization of VR breathing exercises might effectively mitigate the progression of symptoms associated with motion sickness resulting from breathing control. The confluence of diaphragmatic breathing mechanisms and reduced respiratory rate suggests that these methods have the potential to enhance parasympathetic tone and provide a safeguard against motion sickness when individuals are exposed to stimuli that induce motion sickness. Despite concerns regarding potential risks associated with diaphragmatic breathing exposure during VR exercise therapy, evidence suggests that diaphragmatic breathing during VR intervention does not moderate negative outcomes.44 On the contrary, it has been found to enhance the effectiveness of VR breathing exercise rehabilitation and alleviate conditions such as aviophobia, which involves a fear of flying.
Considering the long-term effects is crucial for understanding the true potential and effectiveness of VR-based exercise interventions in the context of respiratory conditions. Future studies should address this limitation by incorporating follow-up evaluations to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the treatment’s lasting impact.
The heterogeneous nature of the VR system and the biofeedback mechanisms and techniques employed by the different included studies may be considered the main limitations of this scoping review. Since the primary objective of each respective study varies, the outcome may vary with studies. Limited numbers of trials may also be a potential limitation, as it is difficult to conclude with limited evidence. Nonetheless, the scoping review of eight quality studies in these current papers confirmed the significance of taking advantage of VR in breathing exercise rehabilitation.
It is noteworthy that the findings of some reported studies exhibit variability due to factors such as constraints in experimental design methodology, inadequate availability of objective measurable breathing outcomes, and limited sample sizes. We encourage readers to conduct a more critical appraisal of the article/topic(s) of interest to form an independent and informed judgment regarding the effectiveness and implications of breath training with/without the VR in the context of their specific clinical population.
The effectiveness and rapid growth of VR breathing techniques are attributed to their engaging and immersive experience. The integration of biofeedback and self-regulation in VR exercise systems was also found to contribute to the significant outcome of the breathing exercise system. This is because the use of visual feedback in VR breathing exercises enhances user interest in breathing exercises.
In addition, this scoping review highlights the effectiveness of VR exercise in improving dyspnea, a breathing condition. The unique aspect of VR-assisted breathing exercise systems lies in their emphasis on cardiac or respiratory synchrony and self-regulating biofeedback. The inclusion of a “virtual body animated by the patient’s own breathing” and a 3D virtual environment enhances engagement, self-regulation, and awareness during breathing exercises. However, the review also indicates that the outcomes of VR rehabilitation can vary depending on the effort and intensity exerted. Therefore, careful monitoring of VR effort intensity is necessary. Overall, VR breathing exercises are considered safe and cost-friendly rehabilitation tools for both in-patients and out-patients with respiratory difficulties.
Additionally, the paper suggests that VR breathing exercise interventions offer preventive measures against the prolonged effects of conditions such as COVID-19 and other respiratory conditions. These interventions motivate patients to be mindful of their breathing condition and maintain balanced pulmonary function. The entertaining, engaging, and interactive nature of VR exercise therapy adds a fun and immersive element to the overall exercise experience for users.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CDH, congenital diaphragmatic hernia; DB, diaphragmatic breathing; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in one second; HIIT, high-intensity interval training; JBI, Jonna Briggs Institute; VR, virtual reality; VRBT, virtual reality-based therapy; PNS, parasympathetic nervous system; PR, Pulmonary rehabilitation.
The author would like to thank the College of Applied Medical Sciences Research Center and the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University.
The author reports no conflicts of interest in this work.
1. Pleil JD, Ariel Geer Wallace M, Davis MD, Matty CM. The physics of human breathing: flow, timing, volume, and pressure parameters for normal, on-demand, and ventilator respiration. J Breath Res. 2021;15(4):042002. doi:10.1088/1752-7163/ac2589
2. Nelson N. Diaphragmatic breathing: the foundation of core stability. Strength Conditioning J. 2012;34(5):34–40. doi:10.1519/SSC.0b013e31826ddc07
3. Pawaria S. Breathing- mechanism of breathing, muscles of respiration, breathing pattern and breathing exercises. In: DrTM A, editor. Emerging Trends in Disease and Health Research Vol. 6. Book Publisher International (a Part of SCIENCEDOMAIN International). 2022:128–141. doi:10.9734/bpi/etdhr/v6/15350D
4. Lu HB, Ma RC, Yin YY, Song CY, Yang TT, Xie J. Clinical indicators of effects of yoga breathing exercises on patients with lung cancer after surgical resection: a randomized controlled trial. Cancer Nurs. 2023. doi:10.1097/NCC.0000000000001208
5. Kader M, Hossain M, Reddy V, Perera NKP, Rashid M. Effects of short-term breathing exercises on respiratory recovery in patients with COVID-19: a quasi-experimental study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2022;14(1):60. doi:10.1186/s13102-022-00451-z
6. Gerage AM, Alberton CL, Cucato GG, Delevatti RS, Ritti-Dias RM. Editorial: exercise intervention for prevention and management of hypertension. Front Physiol. 2023;14:1244715. doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1244715
7. Hopper SI, Murray SL, Ferrara LR, Singleton JK. Effectiveness of diaphragmatic breathing for reducing physiological and psychological stress in adults: a quantitative systematic review. JBI Database Syst Rev Implement Rep. 2019;17(9):1855–1876. doi:10.11124/JBISRIR-2017-003848
8. Cai Y, Ren X, Wang J, Ma B, Chen O. Effects of breathing exercises in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a network meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2023;S0003999323002836. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2023.04.014
9. Martins A, Arienzo A. Experiences and preferences of persons with asthma regarding breathing exercises are more related to wellness than to healthcare. Pneumologie. 2023;77(S 01):Po–436. doi:10.1055/s-0043-1761127
10. Hussein EE, Taha NM. Effect of breathing exercises on quality of recovery among postoperative patients. Int J Stud Nurs. 2018;3(3):151. doi:10.20849/ijsn.v3i3.525
11. Gholamrezaei A, Van Diest I, Aziz Q, Vlaeyen JWS, Van Oudenhove L. Psychophysiological responses to various slow, deep breathing techniques. Psychophysiology. 2021;58(2):e13712. doi:10.1111/psyp.13712
12. Apriliana D, Suradi S, Setijadi AR. Role of incentive spirometry on exercise capacity, breathing symptoms, depression rate, and quality of life in NSCLC patients with chemotherapy. Respir Sci. 2021;2(1):8–17. doi:10.36497/respirsci.v2i1.33
13. Suharti A, Rachmawati Nur Hidayati E, Yusviani HA. Comparative effect of incentive spirometry and diaphragm breathing to functional capacity in COVID-19 patient in an isolated ward. Bali Med J. 2022;11(3):1415–1419. doi:10.15562/bmj.v11i3.3579
14. Wang YQ, Cao HP, Liu X, et al. Effect of breathing exercises in patients with non-small cell lung cancer receiving surgical treatment: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Integr Med. 2020;38:101175. doi:10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101175
15. Arden-Close E, Teasdale E, Tonkin-Crine S, et al. Patients’ perceptions of the potential of breathing training for asthma: a qualitative study. Prim Care Respir J. 2013;22(4):449–453. doi:10.4104/pcrj.2013.00092
16. Morrow B, Brink J, Grace S, Pritchard L, Lupton-Smith A. The effect of positioning and diaphragmatic breathing exercises on respiratory muscle activity in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. South Afr J Physiother. 2016;72(1):6. doi:10.4102/sajp.v72i1.315
17. Lee K, Choo Y-KI. Inspiratory muscle strengthening training method to improve respiratory function: comparison of the effects of diaphragmatic breathing with upper arm exercise and power-breathe breathing. J Korean Soc Integr Med. 2021;9(3):201–211. doi:10.32625/KJEI.2021.24.201
18. Yang Y, Wei L, Wang S, et al. The effects of pursed lip breathing combined with diaphragmatic breathing on pulmonary function and exercise capacity in patients with COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiother Theory Pract. 2022;38(7):847–857. doi:10.1080/09593985.2020.1805834
19. Kotta PA, Ali JM. Incentive spirometry for prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications after thoracic surgery. Respir Care. 2021;66(2):327–333. doi:10.4187/respcare.07972
20. Blum J, Rockstroh C, Göritz AS. Development and pilot test of a virtual reality respiratory biofeedback approach. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2020;45(3):153–163. doi:10.1007/s10484-020-09468-x
21. Kouijzer MMTE, Kip H, Bouman YHA, Kelders SM. Implementation of virtual reality in healthcare: a scoping review on the implementation process of virtual reality in various healthcare settings. Implement Sci Commun. 2023;4(1):67. doi:10.1186/s43058-023-00442-2
22. Miner N. Stairway to Heaven: Breathing Mindfulness into Virtual Reality. Northeastern University; 2022. doi:10.17760/D20471083
23. Li S, Zheng H, Ge Y, Yuan W, Han T Designing mindfulness practice system based on biofeedback in VR environment. In:
24. Subramanian SK. Virtual reality in rehabilitation—using technology to enhance function. Pm&r. 2018;10(11):1221–1222. doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2018.11.001
25. Li BJ, Peña J, Jung Y. Editorial: VR/AR and wellbeing: the use of immersive technologies in promoting health outcomes. Front Virtual Real. 2023;3:1119919. doi:10.3389/frvir.2022.1119919
26. Dar S, Ekart A, Bernardet U The virtual human breathing coach. In:
27. Freeman D, Reeve S, Robinson A, et al. Virtual reality in the assessment, understanding, and treatment of mental health disorders. Psychol Med. 2017;47(14):2393–2400. doi:10.1017/S003329171700040X
28. Pancini E, Anna FDN, Villani D. Breathing in virtual reality for promoting mental health: a scoping review. Preprint. 2023;1–43.
29. Hoeg ER, Bruun-Pedersen JR, Serafin S Virtual reality-based high-intensity interval training for pulmonary rehabilitation: a feasibility and acceptability study. In:
30. Cook NE, Huebschmann NA, Iverson GL. Safety and tolerability of an innovative virtual reality-based deep breathing exercise in concussion rehabilitation: a pilot study. Dev Neuro Rehabil. 2021;24(4):222–229. doi:10.1080/17518423.2020.1839981
31. Snyder A, Sheridan C, Tanner A, et al. Cardiorespiratory functioning in youth with persistent post-concussion symptoms: a pilot study. J Clin Med. 2021;10(4):561. doi:10.3390/jcm10040561
32. Condon C, Lam WT, Mosley C, Gough S. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of virtual reality as an exercise intervention for individuals with a respiratory condition. Adv Simul. 2020;5(1):33. doi:10.1186/s41077-020-00151-z
33. Lan KC, Li CW, Cheung Y. Slow breathing exercise with multimodal virtual reality: a feasibility study. Sensors. 2021;21(16):5462. doi:10.3390/s21165462
34. Arksey H, O’Malley L. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodol. 2005;8(1):19–32. doi:10.1080/1364557032000119616
35. Peters MDJ, Godfrey CM, Khalil H, McInerney P, Parker D, Soares CB. Guidance for conducting systematic scoping reviews. Int J Evid Based Health. 2015;13(3):141–146. doi:10.1097/XEB.0000000000000050
36. Barker TH, Stone JC, Sears K, et al. The revised JBI critical appraisal tool for the assessment of risk of bias for randomized controlled trials. JBI Evid Synth. 2023;21(3):494–506. doi:10.11124/JBIES-22-00430
37. Tufanaru C, Munn Z, Aromataris E, Campbell J, Hopp L. Chapter 3: systematic reviews of effectiveness. JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. 2020;3. doi:10.46658/JBIMES-20-04
38. Rodrigues IM, Lima AG, Santos AED, et al. A single session of virtual reality improved tiredness, shortness of breath, anxiety, depression and well-being in hospitalized individuals with COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial. J Pers Med. 2022;12(5):829. doi:10.3390/jpm12050829
39. Kang J, Hong J, Lee YH. Development and feasibility test of a mouth contactless breathing exercise solution using virtual reality: a randomized crossover trial. Asian Nurs Res. 2021;15(5):345–352. doi:10.1016/j.anr.2021.12.002
40. Betka S, Kannape OA, Fasola J, et al. Virtual reality intervention alleviates dyspnoea in patients recovering from COVID-19 pneumonia. ERJ Open Res. 2023;9(6):00570–02022. doi:10.1183/23120541.00570-2022
41. Alves Da Cruz MM, Ricci-Vitor AL, Bonini Borges GL, Fernanda Da Silva P, Ribeiro F, Marques Vanderlei LC. Acute hemodynamic effects of virtual reality–based therapy in patients of cardiovascular rehabilitation: a cluster randomized crossover trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2020;101(4):642–649. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2019.12.006
42. Ruzicky E, Sramka M, Sramka M, et al. Providing prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of patients after COVID-19 using artificial intelligence. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2022;43(1):9–17.
43. Russell MEB, Hoffman B, Stromberg S, Carlson CR. Use of controlled diaphragmatic breathing for the management of motion sickness in a virtual reality environment. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2014;39(3–4):269–277. doi:10.1007/s10484-014-9265-6
44. Shiban Y, Diemer J, Müller J, Brütting-Schick J, Pauli P, Mühlberger A. Diaphragmatic breathing during virtual reality exposure therapy for aviophobia: functional coping strategy or avoidance behavior? A pilot study. BMC Psychiatry. 2017;17(1):29. doi:10.1186/s12888-016-1181-2
45. Jung T, Moorhouse N, Shi X, Amin MF. A virtual reality–supported intervention for pulmonary rehabilitation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: mixed methods study. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(7):e14178. doi:10.2196/14178
46. Azab AR, Elnaggar RK, Abdelbasset WK, et al. Virtual reality-based exercises’ effects on pulmonary functions, cardiopulmonary capacity, functional performance, and quality of life in children with repaired congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023;27(14):6480–6488. doi:10.26355/eurrev_202307_33118
Cheri Nel has a blunt message for the multibillion-dollar pharmaceutical company Vertex: “Any person that dies from today – that’s on you.” Vertex makes a “miracle drug” called Trikafta that can transform the lives of people with cystic fibrosis.
The medication gives them a normal life expectancy, rather than facing the likelihood of dying as young adults, and lives that are no longer blighted by frequent lung infections and hospital admissions.
When US regulators first approved Trikafta in October 2019 “everyone was over-the-moon happy – it was a big celebration”, says Nel. “But then as time goes by, we realised, ‘oh shucks, this is not so easy to get’.”
Nel, 39, is bringing a lawsuit against the Boston-headquartered Vertex in her native South Africa accusing the company of patent abuse and of violating patients’ human rights under the country’s constitution.
The drug costs $326,000 (£255,000) a year for every patient, “which no South African person can afford”, she says. “Maybe not even people in first-world countries can afford that.”
Vertex, which last year reported revenue of $9.87bn, primarily from its cystic fibrosis products, also faces criticism over a lack of access to the drugs or their cost in other countries.
The UK’s treatments watchdog, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (Nice), has said the drug is likely to be too expensive to provide value for money for the NHS. Only two middle-income countries have access to it, and no low-income countries do.
People with cystic fibrosis (CF) have genetic mutations that mean their body does not properly make or direct the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, which helps salt and water move into and out of cells. This leads to a buildup of thick, sticky mucus in the lungs, making them extremely vulnerable to infection. Many need hours of daily physiotherapy to clear it; some will eventually need a lung transplant.
Trikafta, known as Kaftrio in the UK, contains three compounds designed to target and correct the CFTR protein in patients with a particular genetic mutation. It is sometimes called a triple-combination drug. A 2022 paper published in the Journal of Cystic Fibrosis found that of an estimated 162,000 people living with the condition globally, only 12% were receiving triple-combination drugs.
Under international laws, drug companies have exclusive rights to manufacture and market their patented drugs for up to 20 years. The idea is to incentivise research into new treatments by offering companies a solid chance to recoup that investment.
However, Nel’s lawsuit accuses Vertex of failing to meet a South African legal requirement to make patented medication “available to the Republic on reasonable terms”. She is seeking the creation of a “compulsory licence” for the drug, allowing generic manufacturers to produce it at a fraction of Vertex’s cost.
The company has not sought formal registration for Trikafta with South Africa’s treatment watchdog, and although patients can seek special approval to bring it in, Nel says the price is too high for that to be a real option.
“Even if they registered, if they don’t come down significantly with the price, it is still not available on reasonable terms. They will still be guilty of patent abuse – that’s the allegation that I made in the court papers,” she says.
Nel hopes that all of the country’s 500 or so CF patients will join her legal battle as co-applicants – about 100 have already come forward expressing support. Half of the patients with the disease in South Africa are children.
Vertex has filed an 800-page response to Nel’s court submission, signalling its intent to fight on multiple grounds.
“It makes your blood boil,” says Nel, pointing out that time is not on the patients’ side.
“People need access to this medication. Every single day that goes by without the medication, their lungs deteriorate further, and some of it is permanent damage. So you need to get people to start on this medication as soon as possible in life.”
In a statement to the Guardian, a Vertex spokesperson said: “We believe in the importance of upholding intellectual property rights to drive innovation in tackling the unmet medical needs across the world.
“At Vertex, we have worked tirelessly for over 20 years to design, discover and develop CF medicines to treat the underlying cause of the disease. Patents provide the necessary incentives to drive research and development investments in areas of unmet medical needs.”
Since last August Nel has been taking a generic version of the drug made by a different manufacturer in Argentina, where Vertex does not have a patent.
By importing and using the drug she is “technically guilty of patent infringement”, Nel believes – but hopes the risk of Vertex suing her for that private use is low.
“It has absolutely been phenomenal,” she says. “I wake up in the mornings now [and] I don’t have a sinus headache. I don’t cough a lot any more. I don’t have to take a lot of headache medication to deal with my sinuses.
“I don’t have to be so nervous about picking up germs because it’s under control, and my lung function literally went up within 48 hours.”
The drug’s efficacy has left her with a love/hate relationship with Vertex, she says.
after newsletter promotion
“You love them for coming up with the science, and now there’s hope for people, but hate them for how they have been exploiting the situation and how they’ve been making really, really super profits.”
Nel is part of an informal buyers’ club, organised on WhatsApp, where CF patients in South Africa organise trips to Argentina to buy generic supplies. There were no direct flights until the end of last year so the journey via Dubai was a 35-hour trip.
That generic version costs about $6,000 a box, she says, which she can make last for up to two months by stretching the doses out. “It’s still a lot,” says Nel. “But it’s a little bit more affordable. It’s not a point where you have to sell all the property that you have just to get medication.”
She says she never intended “for it to become this big lawsuit” but adds that Vertex had turned down requests to allow patients in South Africa to import the cheaper generic version.
“The legal fees are astronomical,” Nel says. She is crowdfunding for her court case to recoup some of her costs.
She says she is lucky that cystic fibrosis has not limited her life as much as it does for many people. But she has to go to hospital to get treatment for infections once a month on average, typically necessitating a fortnight on antibiotics.
As the affidavits from her co-applicants arrive, she says: “I think we are going to see some terrible, heartbreaking, gut-wrenching stories. I mean, children are unable to go to school. It can make you have a completely abnormal life.”
One parent who has signed up to the lawsuit explained to Nel’s lawyers that her daughter has had to have a portion of her lung removed “and she’s six or seven”, says Nel.
Tanya Koorts is another parent who intends to join the lawsuit. Her seven-year-old son, Janco, was diagnosed with cystic fibrosis when he was two.
“We nearly lost him. He fought so hard for every breath,” she says. “It is difficult for me to look at photos of the time of his diagnosis.”
Every morning, the first thing she would do on waking was to check he was breathing. Janco is now on a generic form of the medication from Argentina, which she describes as “a miracle”. His lung function has increased and salt levels in his sweat – a key indicator of the condition – have gone down.
“Where he used to get tired very quickly, he can now play the whole time with his friends. He’s got lots of energy,” says Koorts. “He also noticed the change in his body. He says his lungs feel lighter. I think what he is trying to say is that he can take deep breaths, which he never could do.”
Koorts says she was motivated to join by the cystic fibrosis community. “Each breath matters,” she says. “I will fight for them. They deserve to live.”
The Vertex spokesperson said the company intended to bring its CF medicines to eligible patients in South Africa and was in the final stages of confirming access to Trikafta “on a named patient basis”, which she described as “the fastest and most efficient route to access in South Africa, given the country’s systemically challenging reimbursement system for rare diseases”.
She said Vertex had an agreement with a local distributor and was in advanced discussions with private insurers, expecting eligible patients to have access “very soon”.
The spokesperson added: “In addition to working flexibly with healthcare systems around the world, which has brought our CF portfolio to patients in over 60 countries, in 2022 we initiated a medicine-donation pilot programme for CF patients in certain lower-income countries. At present, the pilot programme will provide Trikafta at no cost to people with CF in 12 countries across four continents.”
“Mountain walks with transplants: Marco’s journey to a second chance at life”
At 45 years old, Marco Boggian from Urbana, Padua, never thought he would be able to experience the beauty of the mountains due to his battle with cystic fibrosis. However, four years ago, everything changed when he underwent a successful double lung transplant at the Pope John XXIII Hospital in Bergamo.
Now, Marco is a regular participant in the group “Walking with Luisa,” which organizes mountain hikes for transplant recipients, family, and friends. For Marco, these walks represent not only a physical challenge but also a celebration of life and the gift of his new lungs. Despite the challenges he faced growing up with cystic fibrosis, including the loss of his older sister to the same disease, Marco now sees every day as an opportunity to push himself further and embrace life to the fullest.
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease that primarily affects the lungs, causing the production of thick mucus and making breathing increasingly difficult over time. While there is no cure, advancements in research have led to medications that can slow down the progression of the disease and alleviate symptoms. For Marco, the transplant was a life-changing event that allowed him to breathe freely and rediscover the joys of outdoor activities.
The road to recovery was not easy, with Marco spending time in intensive care and facing complications post-surgery. However, with the support of his loving wife Doris and the medical team in Verona and Bergamo, he was able to overcome every obstacle and now leads a fulfilling life filled with new experiences and opportunities.
Marco’s story is a testament to the power of organ donation and the importance of raising awareness about the life-saving potential of transplants. He now dedicates his time to advocating for organ donation and sharing his journey of gratitude and resilience with others. As he continues to explore the mountains and embrace new adventures, Marco serves as an inspiration to all those facing challenges and shows that with determination and support, anything is possible.
GRAND RAPIDS, Mich. — Most people don’t think twice when asked to take a deep breath at the doctor’s office. But for Sarah Rusnell, it’s a true test of how far she’s come in the last few years.
On this day— her lungs sound clear and it brings a smile to her face. That’s because —for most of her life— breathing easy didn’t come easy for this cystic fibrosis patient.
“I had routine therapies, inhaled medicines, physical precautions that we do on my body, and a massive amount of pills that I took every single day,” Rusnell said, explaining life with the lung and digestive condition.
FOX 17
Daily tasks are taxing for a body plagued by a disease that causes severe lung infections, persistent coughs, and getting sick often, among a slew of other symptoms. But worst of all for cystic fibrosis is early death.
“When I was born, the average life expectancy was Elementary School,” Rusnell explained.
The body eventually succumbs to the disease at an early age, that is until recently.
“I never thought in my career, I would see changes this profound in such a short period of time,” admitted Dr. Marc Mcclelland, the director of the Adult Cystic Fibrosis Care Center at Corewell Health.
FOX 17
He’s dedicated his career to helping patients live life to the fullest, but that often meant treating them only into their late 20s or early 30s. That is not the case, however, anymore.
“They're projecting that children who are started on modulators at a young age will most likely live into their 70s and early 80s,” Dr. Marc McClelland elaborated. "Basically— essentially— like a normal life expectancy."
A modulator —trialed by some here in Grand Rapids— now widely used to treat about 94% of patients, attacking the disease at the cellular level.
—For Sarah, its effects were almost immediate.
“I could literally feel that mucus leave,” she marveled.
“Having a body completely change in a relatively short period of time was so exciting.”
Cystic Fibrosis is no longer the death sentence it once was.
Sarah’s outlook on life has changed dramatically at the age of 38— as it has for so many patients.
FOX 17
“A lot more women with CF are, because they're healthier, choosing to have babies and able to have babies and raise families.,” Dr. Marc Mcclelland exclaimed. “It's been absolutely transformative.”
Today Sarah leaves the CF clinic with hopes and dreams she never thought were a reality.
“Sometimes, I even forget that I have CF," Rusnell told us. "And the before the modulators feels like a different life.”
The Friends and Families of Cystic Fibrosis is hosting the 2nd annual Masquerade Ball on March 23rd to help raise money to continue helping families affected by the disease.
In a bid to create better cystic fibrosis (CF) drugs, Sionna Therapeutics has closed a $182 million Series C financing to develop first-in-class small molecules for this indication. The company’s drugs are designed to fully restore the function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein by stabilizing the first nucleotide-binding domain (NBD1).
CF is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene. The most common of these mutations, ΔF508, causes NBD1 to unfold at body temperature and severely impairs CFTR function. While most current therapies can improve CFTR function, they do so only partially.
“We have deep experience in CF and a sharp focus on advancing the development of novel small molecules targeting NBD1 and complementary modulators that enable the potential for full restoration of CFTR function for most people living with CF,” said Mike Cloonan, president and CEO of Sionna.
It is estimated that 70,000 people worldwide have this inherited disorder, according to the Cystic Fibrosis Patient Registry. The CF worldwide market is thought to be worth at least $5B. Vertex is the current leader in this field; its drugs have greatly extended the life expectancy among people with this disease. Can Sionna improve this?
CF is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, which codes for an epithelial ion channel essential for producing healthy, freely flowing mucus in the airways, digestive system, and other organs. Current therapies are designed to increase CFTR function by either increasing the quantity of CFTR protein at the cell surface or by helping CFTR channels to open and allow chloride ions to cross the cell membrane.
Sionna has presented preclinical data, including from the human bronchial epithelial cell (CFHBE) model, that demonstrate its NBD1 stabilizers can restore ΔF508-CFTR maturation, trafficking, and function to wild-type levels when combined with complementary modulators. A Phase I clinical trial of its first clinical-stage NBD1 stabilizer, SION-638, has identified doses that are generally safe and well tolerated, and target exposure (based on the CFHBE assay) was achieved at all doses, with more time above target with increasing dose.
Sionna has nominated two additional NBD1 stabilizers from its second series, SION-451 and SION-719, and plans to advance both compounds to clinical trials in 2024 pending results from ongoing Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) toxicology studies.
The company is also continuing to advance the development of compounds targeting complementary mechanisms including SION-109, which targets NBD1’s interface with the CFTR intracellular loop 4 (ICL4) region; a Phase I clinical trial with SION-109 began in January 2024.
Cloonan said, “We are encouraged by the strong interest and validation from the excellent investors in our upsized Series C financing. This capital raise provides financial flexibility positioning us to execute our clinical development plan with funding through 2026 and multiple value-creating clinical readouts.”
Sionna’s Series C round, which was upsized and oversubscribed, was led by Enavate Sciences with additional new investors Viking Global Investors and Perceptive Advisors, as well as participation by all existing investors.
Stopping treatment with inhaled supportive therapies hypertonic saline (HS) or Pulmozyme (dornase alfa) didn’t negatively affect airway mucus clearance among cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with mild lung disease who were being also treated with Trikafta (elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor), a report suggests.
Indeed, the findings from the six-week study indicated stopping Pulmozyme was linked to significant gains in clearing mucus. The study, “The effect of discontinuing hypertonic saline or dornase alfa on mucociliary clearance in elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor treated people with cystic fibrosis: The SIMPLIFY-MCC Study,” was published in the Journal of Cystic Fibrosis.
Before CFTR modulator therapies like Trikafta, CF patients were largely treated with various types of supportive care to keep their symptoms under control.
CFTR modulators target the underlying cause of the disease by improving the CFTR protein’s function, which means a single type of treatment can lead to clinical gains across the symptom spectrum.
In this changing treatment landscape, some patients and their doctors are considering discontinuing supportive therapies, the rationale being such treatments may not be worth it if they have no added benefit on top of the improvements from CFTR modulators.
Trikafta is particularly associated with improvements in mucociliary clearance (MCC), a defense mechanism wherein mucus is produced to trap potentially harmful invaders and then moved out of the airways to keep them clear. MCC is more difficult in CF, where thick and sticky mucus accumulates in the lungs.
Inhaled therapies that used to facilitate MCC include HS and Pulmozyme, which work differently to help thin mucus in the lungs and make it easier to cough out.
“If pwCF [people with CF] using [Trikafta] derive no additional clinical benefit from HS or [Pulmozyme], discontinuation could provide a substantial improvement in treatment burden and quality of life,” the researchers wrote.
The SIMPLIFY study (NCT04378153) evaluated the clinical effects of stopping these therapies in CF patients, ages 12 and older, who were on established Trikafta therapy across more than 80 clinics in the U.S.
The patients with relatively preserved lung function and who were using HS, Pulmozyme, or both when they entered the study were randomly assigned to either continue or discontinue one of them while staying on Trikafta.
Discontinuing either treatment didn’t negatively affect lung function over six weeks, results showed. Plus, stopping Pulmozyme could substantially cut treatment costs.
Here, researchers reported on the findings from the SIMPLIFY-MCC substudy, where they examined whether these discontinuations affected MCC in a subset of 34 participants. MCC was monitored using a technique called gamma scintigraphy at the study’s start and again six weeks later.
At the start, MCC parameters were similar between treatment groups. Discontinuing HS wasn’t associated with a significant change in MCC compared to continuing it over six weeks.
But stopping Pulmozyme was associated with significant improvements in MCC over those who continued it, indicating that stopping the therapy is both without negative consequences and could lead to greater mucus-clearing benefits for patients on Trikafta.
“PwCF with mild disease and restored CFTR function may have minimal benefit from DA and could potentially experience a deleterious effect of DA treatment,” wrote the researchers, who said more research in larger populations with a greater range of lung disease severity is needed “before any clinical management recommendations can be made.” Studies with longer follow-up times would also be valuable, they said.
The study was supported in part by grants from the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation.
Respiratory disorders pose significant health challenges worldwide, affecting millions of individuals and placing a substantial burden on healthcare systems. The respiratory disorders treatment market encompasses a diverse array of therapies, medications, and interventions aimed at managing conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, and respiratory infections. This article explores the latest advancements in the respiratory disorders treatment market, highlighting innovative therapies, emerging trends, and their impact on patients' respiratory health and quality of life.
Respiratory Disorders Treatment market is estimated to attain a valuation of US$ 108 Bn by the end of 2027, states a study by Transparency Market Research (TMR). Besides, the report notes that the market is prognosticated to expand at a CAGR of 6% during the forecast period, 2019-2027
Get a Sample Copy of the Respiratory Disorders Treatment Market Research Report -www.transparencymarketresearch.com/sample/sample.php?flag=S&rep_id=39326&utm_source=openpr_amitugare&utm_medium=openpr
The significant players operating in the global Respiratory Disorders Treatment market are
Mylan N.V, AstraZeneca plc, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., GlaxoSmithKline plc, Merck & Co., Inc., Novartis AG, Sanofi, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, CHIESI Farmaceutici S.p.A., Cipla, Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
Key Advancements:
Biologic Therapies: Biologic therapies, including monoclonal antibodies and targeted biologic agents, have revolutionized the treatment of severe asthma and COPD by targeting specific inflammatory pathways and immune mediators involved in airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction. Biologics such as omalizumab, mepolizumab, benralizumab, and dupilumab offer personalized treatment options for patients with uncontrolled asthma or eosinophilic COPD, reducing exacerbations, improving lung function, and enhancing quality of life.
Precision Medicine: Advances in precision medicine and biomarker identification enable tailored treatment approaches based on individual patient characteristics, disease phenotypes, and genetic profiles. Biomarkers such as fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), blood eosinophil counts, and genetic markers help predict treatment response, guide medication selection, and optimize therapeutic outcomes in respiratory disorders, facilitating personalized care and precision medicine interventions.
Digital Health Solutions: Digital health technologies, including mobile apps, wearable devices, and telemedicine platforms, empower patients with respiratory disorders to monitor symptoms, track lung function, and access remote healthcare services. Telemedicine consultations, virtual pulmonary rehabilitation programs, and home spirometry devices enhance patient engagement, improve access to care, and enable real-time monitoring of respiratory health parameters, promoting self-management and early intervention in respiratory exacerbations.
Buy this Premium Research Report: - www.transparencymarketresearch.com/checkout.php?rep_id=39326<ype=S
Market Trends:
Prevalence of Respiratory Diseases: The rising prevalence of respiratory diseases, including asthma, COPD, bronchiectasis, and respiratory infections, drives demand for respiratory disorder treatments worldwide. Environmental factors, air pollution, tobacco smoke exposure, and aging populations contribute to the increasing burden of respiratory disorders, necessitating effective management strategies, preventive measures, and innovative treatment options to address the growing healthcare challenges associated with respiratory health.
Pharmacological Innovations: Pharmaceutical companies invest in research and development to introduce novel pharmacological agents, inhalation devices, and drug delivery technologies for respiratory disorder treatment. Long-acting bronchodilators, combination inhalers, triple therapy regimens, and fixed-dose combinations offer convenient, effective, and simplified treatment options for patients with asthma and COPD, enhancing treatment adherence, reducing medication burden, and optimizing disease control.
Patient-Centered Care: Patient-centered care models, shared decision-making approaches, and multidisciplinary care teams prioritize patients' preferences, values, and treatment goals in respiratory disorder management. Collaborative care plans, patient education programs, and self-management strategies empower individuals with respiratory diseases to actively participate in their care, make informed treatment choices, and achieve optimal respiratory health outcomes, fostering partnerships between patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers.
Market Segmentation -
Disease
Asthma
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Lung Cancer
Respiratory Tract Infection
Allergic Rhinitis
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
Others
Drug Class
Bronchodilators
Corticosteroids
Combination Drugs
Antibiotics
Target Therapy
Immunotherapy
CFTR
Others
Route of Administration
Oral
Nasal
Injectable
Distribution Channel
Hospital Pharmacies
Retail Pharmacies
Online Pharmacies
This Report lets you identify the opportunities in Respiratory Disorders Treatment Market by means of a region:
North America (the United States, Canada, and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, UK, France, Italy, Russia, Turkey, etc.)
Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Australia, and Southeast Asia (Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, and Vietnam))
South America (Brazil etc.) The Middle East and Africa (North Africa and GCC Countries)
Key Features of the Respiratory Disorders Treatment Market Report: -
➤ Analyze competitive developments such as expansions, deployments, new product launches, and market acquisitions.
➤ Examine the market opportunities for stakeholders by identifying higher growth sections.
➤ To study and analyze the global Respiratory Disorders Treatment industry status and forecast including key regions.
➤ An in-depth analysis of key product segments and application spectrum, providing strategic recommendations to incumbents and new entrants to give them a competitive advantage over others.
➤ It provides a comprehensive analysis of key regions of the industry as well as a SWOT analysis and Porter's Five Forces analysis to provide a deeper understanding of the market.
➤ It helps you make strategic business decisions and investment plans.
More Trending Reports by Transparency Market Research -
Brine Concentration Technology Market: www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2024/03/01/2838556/32656/en/Brine-Concentration-Technology-Market-to-Reach-USD-20-4-billion-Surging-at-a-CAGR-of-4-3-by-2031-Transparency-Market-Research-Inc.html
Biopharmaceutical Fermentation Systems Market: www.globenewswire.com/en/news-release/2024/03/01/2838573/32656/en/Biopharmaceutical-Fermentation-Systems-Market-Projected-to-Reach-USD-52-6-billion-by-2031-with-a-CAGR-of-9-5-Report-by-Transparency-Market-Research-Inc.html
About Us Transparency Market Research
Transparency Market Research, a global market research company registered at Wilmington, Delaware, United States, provides custom research and consulting services. The firm scrutinizes factors shaping the dynamics of demand in various markets. The insights and perspectives on the markets evaluate opportunities in various segments. The opportunities in the segments based on source, application, demographics, sales channel, and end-use are analysed, which will determine growth in the markets over the next decade.
Our exclusive blend of quantitative forecasting and trends analysis provides forward-looking insights for thousands of decision-makers, made possible by experienced teams of Analysts, Researchers, and Consultants. The proprietary data sources and various tools & techniques we use always reflect the latest trends and information. With a broad research and analysis capability, Transparency Market Research employs rigorous primary and secondary research techniques in all of its business reports.
???????????????????????????? ????????
Transparency Market Research Inc.
CORPORATE HEADQUARTER DOWNTOWN,
1000 N. West Street,
Suite 1200, Wilmington, Delaware 19801 USA
Tel: +1-518-618-1030
USA - Canada Toll Free: 866-552-3453
This release was published on openPR.
Few pick up music for their physical health, and yet, that’s precisely the reason to play instruments like the clarinet, didgeridoo and trumpet, according to experts.
Playing a wind instrument regularly can complement the treatment of a lung disease, says pulmonologist Dr Thomas Voshaar of Germany’s Association of Pneumological Hospitals (VPK).
The reason is that the musician can only make a sound in a wind instrument when they build up enough pressure in their airways.
And this is precisely what trains the respiratory muscles.
Various studies have also shown that children with asthma are able to improve their lung function by regularly playing wind instruments.
“Higher-pitched wind instruments such as the clarinet, oboe and trumpet are particularly suitable for this training,” Dr Voshaar says.
Playing these instruments requires a particularly high amount of air pressure in the airways.
With lower brass instruments such as the tuba, on the other hand, a relatively low air pressure is sufficient when playing.
The training effect on the lungs is therefore less pronounced.
One other wind instrument that can also help with the metabolic disease cystic fibrosis is the harmonica.
Those who play it breathe more intensively, which helps to clear the secretions in the airways of those affected.
The slight vibrations in the body that occur when making music also contribute to this.
Pneumological experts say that playing the harmonica with cystic fibrosis can have similar effects to sports therapy.
There is also an instrument that can provide relief for anyone whose breathing briefly stops during sleep: the didgeridoo.
Studies have shown that playing the didgeridoo regularly reduces sleep apnoea and that sufferers are more rested during the day.
“When learning to play the didgeridoo, a breathing technique is practised almost incidentally that is generally very important for patients with chronic lung diseases,” says Dr Voshaar.
This technique is characterised by the fact that the air is throttled when exhaling, which also strengthens the respiratory muscles. – dpa
The replay of live sessions are now available to registered participants via the Replay tab. Please login on the top right of the page by using our personal myERS username and password.
Replays will remain accessible until June 2024.
The conference is accredited by the European Board for Accreditation in Pneumology (EBAP).
CME certificates will be downloadable two weeks after the conference on your myERS account.
Onsite attendance: Participants can claim up to 11.5 CME credits for onsite attendance. The number of credits that you will receive corresponds to your attendance during the conference.
Online attendance: Participants of the live stream can claim up to 9 CME credits for the hours spent viewing the sessions live.
Participants will not accrue credits for watching session replays.
(MENAFN- Straits Research) A spirometer measures the air volume inhaled and exhaled during a single breathing cycle. The device facilitates the occupational diagnosis of various respiratory problems, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, asthma, and other respiratory diseases. Spirometers are one of the respiratory laboratories and clinics' most commonly observed tools. Spirometers can create a profile of a user's lung health. Clinicians, therefore, utilize spirometers as both a diagnostic and monitoring tool. Numerous benefits are associated with personalized spirometers for patient use outside the clinic. Regular spirometry can detect a decline in lung health or the progression of the disease considerably earlier. This allows the patient and physician to prevent or treat the condition before it worsens.
The global growth in the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is ultimately pushing higher demand for spirometers. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 300 million people worldwide have asthma, and 250,000 have died. In 2019, around 65 million people globally had COPD, including approximately 16 million Americans; this figure is projected to rise in the coming years. In addition, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Numerous studies indicate that the general public is primarily uninformed of COPD. However, many individuals with respiratory symptoms are unaware that they require a diagnosis, which hinders the use of spirometers for identifying respiratory devices.
Market Dynamics
Growing Prevalence of Respiratory Diseases to Drive the Global Spirometer Market
Respiratory illnesses are one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Several causes, including filthy air, outdoor and indoor pollution, tobacco usage through smoking, and dangerous particles emitted from workplaces, contribute to the increase in the prevalence of respiratory illnesses in the population. The incidence of cases ending in respiratory failure and death has climbed dramatically in recent years. The World Health Organization reported that around 65 million individuals suffered from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 2017, and approximately 3 million died as a result. Asthma is the most prevalent chronic disease affecting children, impacting 14% of children worldwide. It affects nearly 334 million people. As effective healthcare solutions, such as spirometers, are readily available, enhancing respiratory health through early identification and diagnosis can prevent, manage, and treat various illnesses. Hence, with the growing prevalence of respiratory illnesses, the worldwide spirometer market is predicted to rise rapidly in the upcoming years. Moreover, spirometers can identify chemical exposure in the workplace, shortness of breath, medicine side effects, lung performance assessment before surgery, and the progression of illness treatment. Thus, it is projected that such spirometers' advantages will help expand the global spirometer market.
Furthermore, lifestyle behaviors such as smoking and alcohol consumption have led to respiratory issues and are among the key drivers driving the growth of the worldwide spirometer market. As spirometers aid in the early detection of several respiratory disorders, it is anticipated that the prevalence of these conditions would rise, hence driving demand. In addition, an increase in the older population, susceptible to a variety of respiratory diseases, stimulates the expansion of the spirometer market. In addition, technological developments in spirometry and an increase in regulatory approvals contribute to the growth of the spirometer market.
Regional Insights
North America will command the market with the largest share and a CAGR of 3.2% during the forecast period. Increasing asthma, COPD, and cystic fibrosis incidences are primarily accountable for the region's predominance. The American Lung Association reports that COPD is the third leading cause of death in the United States. Additionally, around 20.4 million people in the United States have asthma. As a result, there is a growing preference among Americans and physicians for pulmonary function testing for the early detection of lung illnesses to avoid future expensive medical expenses. In addition, technical advancements in the production of user-friendly and portable spirometers and greater patient awareness are expected to fuel the growth of the U.S. spirometer market throughout the forecast period.
In addition, North America is considered an early adopter of new medical innovations. This is mainly attributed to raising awareness of the numerous respiratory medicines in hospitals and expanding government and non-governmental organization (NGO) programs. Consequently, it is projected that the need for spirometers will increase among individuals afflicted with various respiratory illnesses.
Asia-Pacific will hold the second-largest share of USD 539 million with a CAGR of 4.5%.
Due to its large population, multiple chronic and lifestyle disorders, and rapid increase in the frequency of respiratory diseases, the Asia-Pacific region provides market participants in the spirometer industry lucrative opportunities. During the forecast period, the market for spirometers is likely to be propelled by an increase in the proportion of geriatric patients susceptible to a variety of respiratory disorders and an increase in the use of spirometers in general healthcare settings, such as hospitals. Moreover, using artificial intelligence (AI) in spirometers will create opportunities for key market participants.
Increasing demand for modern medical devices, healthcare reforms, and the prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases like asthma, COPD, cystic, and pulmonary fibrosis all lead to the expansion of the spirometer market. In addition, an increase in programs, grants, and initiatives connected to the availability of medical equipment in the region is anticipated to propel further the growth of the spirometer market in the region.
Key Highlights
The global spirometer market had a share value of USD 1,221 million in 2021, which is expected to grow to USD 1,608 million with a CAGR of 3.5% during the forecast period.
Based on type, the segment of table-top spirometer is expected to hold the largest share with a CAGR of 3.7% during the forecast period.
Based on technology, the segment of flow measurement is estimated to have the largest market share with a CAGR of 4.1% during the forecast period.
Based on end-user, the segment of hospitals & clinics is expected to have the largest market share with a CAGR of 3.9%.
Based on regional analysis, the North American region is expected to command the market with the largest share and a CAGR of 3.2%.
Competitive Players in the Market
SCHILLER
Hill-Rom, Inc.
Midmark Corp.
FutureMed
COSMED Srl
MGC Diagnostics Corporation
Smiths Medical
Vyaire Medical
Teleflex
NSPIRE HEALTH INC.
Market News
In 2022, Midmark Corp. announced a strategic partnership with Bien-Air Dental SA.
In 2022, Midmark Corp. announced the launch of its Synthesis Wall-Hung Cabinetry to provide animal health teams with enhanced visibility and access to supplies.
In 2022, MGC Diagnostics Corporation announced the global distribution agreement with BedfontÒ Scientific Ltd.
Global Spirometer Market: Segmentation
By Type
Hand-Held
Tabletop
By Technology
Volume Measurement
Flow Measurement
By Application
COPD
Asthma
Others
By End-User
Hospitals & Clinics
Home Care Settings
Others
By Region
North America
Europe
Asia-Pacific
LAMEA
MENAFN04032024004597010339ID1107929961
Legal Disclaimer:
MENAFN provides the information “as is” without warranty of any kind. We do not accept any responsibility or liability for the accuracy, content, images, videos, licenses, completeness, legality, or reliability of the information contained in this article. If you have any complaints or copyright issues related to this article, kindly contact the provider above.
SUFFOLK, Va. — A Hampton Roads mother and a non-profit foundation are raising awareness for cystic fibrosis after she lost her daughter to the debilitating disease.
"Martina was the life of every party. She had a double lung transplant when she was 17 and another double lung transplant when she was 29," Tina Natoli said.
Tina Natoli’s daughter, Martina Natoli Lagman, was 30-years old when she lost her battle to cystic fibrosis in 2021.
Cystic fibrosis is a life threatening disorder that damages the lungs and digestive system.
It affects mucus, sweat and digestive juices, causing the fluids to become too thick.
"She had to do breathing treatments constantly. Lots of medicine. She took about 40 pills a day she took prescribed," Natoli said.
Since Martina’s death, her family started the Martina Natoli Lagman Foundation to raise awareness and money for individuals with cystic fibrosis.
"We raise money for children with cystic fibrosis and adults. Initially we started off with scholarships, thousand dollar scholarships. But then we thought some kids with cystic fibrosis are too sick to go to school so we turned it into a medical as well," Natoli said.
Natoli says last year, they raised more than $15,000 for 5 families.
"You all helped our family out financially through your scholarships and took the time to host a fundraiser for my daughter when she was in the hospital. Truly are making a big difference in the CF world," Holly Goetz, a mother whose daughter had cystic fibrosis, said.
Natoli says the Martina Natoli Lagman Foundation donated to Goetz's daughter medical expenses.
Now the non-profit is putting on its annual womanless pageant to raise money for individuals with the disease.
At the womanless pageant, men will put on dresses to raise money for a good cause.
Martina Natoli Lagman Foundation
"Martina loved people. She was very nonjudgmental. And her foundation is based on that. Whatever your lifestyle is, we don’t care," Natoli said.
The pageant will be on March 23rd at 7 p.m. at The Hub 757 in Suffolk.
You can purchase a ticket by clicking here.
If you're interested in donating or helping, you can visit Martina Natoli Lagman Foundation's Facebook page.
Breathing+ by Breathing Labs has passed peer review in a randomized controlled clinical trial that was recently published in SCI Q2 journal Pediatric Pulmonology. Research done by @bezmialem Full text is available in a link here: https://www.breathinglabs.com/clinical-trials/research-breathing-labs-and-nintendo-clinical-trial-is-published-in-journal-pediatric-pulmonology-sci-q2-impact-factor-3/?fbclid=IwAR2wNhSgurdbrrf3gzOOkHthgiWfXJ1x8RWvnMhkSo6fi33QPZEGzxzd6jM
BREAKING: @breathinglabs and @Nintendo clinical trial is published in journal Pediatric Pulmonology (SCI Q2, Impact Factor > 3), full text: https://breathinglabs.com/Nintendo%20&%20Breathing%20Labs%202022 #telemedicine #telehealth #mhealth
BREATHING VR: Lately we are sourcing this VR headset for use in Breathing VR application. It allows easiest installation of both breathing+ headset cable, and USB charging cables, which is essential in professional use: https://www.banggood.com/VR-SHINECON-G5-VR-Glasses-3D-Virtual-Reality-Glasses-VR-Headset-For-iPhone-XS-11Pro-Mi10-p-1679808.html?rmmds=myorder&cur_warehouse=CN
Update: Each purchase of Breathing+ will now include three machine washable mouthpieces. Previous buyers will be supplied with those by their country representatives but will have to cover shipping costs. Please be patient while we arrange distribution. https://www.breathinglabs.com/latest-news/announcement-breathing-mouthpieces-for-clinical-and-professional-use-are-now-available/
Update: We moved servers + relocated all our games to our servers, please be patient while google reviews all that (showing unsafe website atm). Use duckduckgo or non-chromium browsers to reach our pages in the meantime. Everything ok + new product addons coming out in a month!
Registration and all functionalities at http://breathinglabs.com (and in our iOS and Android games) are fixed and fully working. If you find any issues -> support@breathinglabs.com
We are back in stock with Breathing+, currently searching for VR supplier, and setting up mass production for toys and tens stimulation + in November we will be signing up new erasmus traineeships, research projects, bilateral, FP(eu), and asia-pacific ->support@breathinglabs.com
BREAKING: Nintendo Co. Ltd (Japan) is implementing Breathing Games by @breathinglabs in FDA approved clinical trial for children with bronchiectasis: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04038892
Notice to b2b partners: we are running late with some minor upgrade-> briefly running out of stock -> retail and b2b sale is closed until early october. To get a list of partners with stock to sell contact us at support@breathinglabs.com Thanks, we'll go strong again in winter 💪
