Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a viral infection that causes symptoms similar to a cold, including a runny nose, fever, and cough. While it usually resolves on its own without complications, individuals with weakened immune systems, such as infants, older adults, or those taking immunosuppressants, are at risk of severe RSV infection.
RSV is highly prevalent and is the leading cause of inflammation in the small airways of the lungs and pneumonia in babies. The virus is so common that most children have been infected by the age of 2. This article focuses on the symptoms experienced by adults, which are typically mild and resemble a common cold, as well as the impact on children.
Symptoms of RSV include a runny nose, congestion, cough, sore throat, and low-grade fever. In children, additional signs may include irritability, diminished interest in playing, avoiding food or drinks, unusual sleep patterns, and frequent waking.
While RSV primarily affects the upper respiratory tract, it can sometimes lead to lower respiratory tract infections involving the lungs or spread to other areas of the body. In severe cases, symptoms may include wheezing, rapid and shallow breathing, trouble catching one’s breath, chest pain, high fever, dehydration, headaches, and lethargy.
RSV can cause serious complications, such as pneumonia, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, meningitis, septicemia, sepsis, and encephalitis. Individuals with weakened immune systems, underlying health conditions, and very young babies or older adults are at higher risk for complications. RSV can also exacerbate certain chronic medical conditions like asthma, COPD, and congestive heart failure.
It is important to contact a healthcare provider if a child under 1 year of age or an individual with a weak immune system or chronic medical condition develops cold-like symptoms. RSV is usually diagnosed based on symptoms and physical examination. While laboratory testing can be done to identify the virus, treatment is primarily symptomatic, focusing on managing symptoms and preventing complications.
In cases where complications arise, hospital treatment may be necessary, which may include intravenous fluid, oxygen supplementation, respiratory support, and management of sepsis effects. Close medical monitoring is essential in these situations.
Overall, while RSV can present as a common cold, it can lead to severe complications in certain populations. Recognizing the symptoms, especially in vulnerable individuals, and seeking appropriate medical care is crucial for managing and treating RSV infections.
