People who often nap have a greater chance of developing high blood pressure and having a stroke, a large new study has found.
“This may be because, although taking a nap itself is not harmful, many people who take naps may do so because of poor sleep at night. Poor sleep at night is associated with poorer health, and naps are not enough to make up for that,” said clinical psychologist Michael Grandner in a statement. Grandner directs the Behavioral Sleep Medicine Clinic at the Banner-University Medical Center in Tucson, Arizona, and was not involved in the study.
Study participants who typically napped during the day were 12% more likely to develop high blood pressure over time and were 24% more likely to have a stroke compared with people who never napped.
If the person was younger than age 60, napping most days raised the risk of developing high blood pressure by 20% compared with people who never or rarely nap, according to the study published Monday in Hypertension, an American Heart Association journal. The AHA recently added sleep duration as one of its eight essential metrics to optimal heart and brain health.
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The results held true even after researchers excluded people at high risk for hypertension, such as those with type 2 diabetes, existing high blood pressure, high cholesterol, sleep disorders and who did night-shift work.
“The results demonstrate that napping increases the incidence of hypertension and stroke, after adjusting or considering many variables known to be associated with risk for cardiovascular disease and stroke,” said Dr. Phyllis Zee, director of the Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago.
“From a clinical standpoint, I think it highlights the importance for health care providers to routinely ask patients about napping and excessive daytime sleepiness and evaluate for other contributing conditions to potentially modify the risk for cardiovascular disease,” said Zee, who was not involved in the study.
Taking a regular, lengthy nap may be a sign of an underlying sleep disorder, said Dr. Raj Dasgupta of the University of Southern California.
Longer naps are worse
The study used data from 360,000 participants who had given information on their napping habits to the UK Biobank, a large biomedical database and research resource that followed UK residents from 2006 to 2010.
People in the UK study provided blood, urine and saliva samples on a regular basis, and answered questions on napping four times over the four year study. However, the study only collected nap frequency, not duration, and relied on self-reports of napping, a limitation due to imperfect recall.
“They didn’t define what a nap should be. If you’re going to be sleeping for an hour, two hours, for example, that’s not really a nap,” said sleep specialist Dr. Raj Dasgupta, an associate professor of clinical medicine at the Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California.
“A refreshing power nap that’s 15 to 20 minutes around noon to 2 p.m. is 100% the way to go if you’re sleep deprived,” said Dasgupta, who was not involved in the study. “If you have chronic insomnia we don’t encourage napping because it takes away the drive to sleep at night.”
Most of the people in the study who took regular naps smoked cigarettes, drank daily, snored, had insomnia and reported being an evening person.
Many of these factors could impact a person’s quality and quantity of slumber, Dasgupta said. Poor sleep causes “excessive daytime fatigue which can result in excessive napping during the day,” he said.
“I do believe napping is a warning sign of an underlying sleep disorder in certain individuals,” he added. “Sleep disorders are linked to an increase in stress and weight regulation hormones which can lead to obesity, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes — all risk factors for heart disease.”
10 tips for managing insomnia
How to manage insomnia
Some people have no problem falling asleep mid-sentence; for others, they can read hundreds of sentences in bed and still not feel tired. Not being able to fall asleep is a condition called insomnia, a common sleep disorder that impacts between 10% and 30% of adults. Sunday Citizen compiled recommendations and best sleeping practices for those struggling with insomnia, citing a collection of medical and expert reports.
Insomnia makes it difficult to fall asleep or remain asleep, and without enough rest, it’s natural to be tired, cranky, and foggy for the rest of the day. Contrary to popular belief, this disorder is not determined by the number of hours of sleep or how much time it takes to fall asleep; everyone is different in their sleep needs and the amount of time it takes to fall asleep.
Insomnia comes in a variety of forms, each with its own set of symptoms, sleep issues, and length of occurrence. Some of the most common causes of insomnia are stress, travel, lifestyle habits, and eating late. Temporary insomnia typically lasts less than a week. When it’s caused by stressful situations, it usually goes away after the event is resolved. Short-term insomnia lasts one to three weeks, but long-term or chronic insomnia lasts longer.
According to a 2018 study carried out by researchers at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 1 in 4 people in the United States experience insomnia each year; about 3 in 4 of these people recover fully without developing chronic insomnia. This study shows the prevalence of poor sleep. However, by adopting habits that promote better sleep, some of the factors that cause insomnia can be managed.
Consult with your doctor to rule out underlying medical causes
Various factors cause insomnia, many of which can be addressed through lifestyle changes. Other factors are linked to medical issues that an individual may not be aware they have, such as disrupted breathing due to sleep apnea. Consulting a doctor will rule out underlying medical problems that may be interfering with healthy sleep.
The diagnosis of insomnia often involves a physical exam for symptoms of medical issues linked with insomnia. Doctors also review sleep-wake patterns and the level of daytime sleepiness to identify insomnia and its cause. If the cause can’t be clearly identified, a sleep study is performed to track and record a wide range of bodily functions. This study paints a clearer picture of the underlying cause.
Keep a sleep journal to record your nighttime patterns
Sleep journals are a tool doctors can use to find out how much and how well a patient sleeps. In these journals, sleep patterns are recorded for a few weeks to identify things that may be interfering with a patient’s sleep. Sleep journals can be as simple as a sheet of paper with a template guiding patients on what information to fill out.
For patients who prefer not to use paper, phone apps are available to keep track of sleep and other vital information doctors might need. Because the information required for different forms of insomnia differs, it’s best to consult a doctor about what to include in the journal and the duration of tracking sleep.
Avoid stimulation from caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine
Caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol are stimulants that can disrupt sleep. People with insomnia often experience fatigue due to their lack of sleep and use stimulants to help them feel less tired. However, stimulants have been linked to difficulty sleeping, resulting in a counter-productive attempt to treat insomnia.
Alcohol, which can also act as a sedative, prevents deeper stages of sleep necessary for adequate rest. Caffeine is also a common substance in coffee, soda, and other foods. Reducing caffeine intake by opting for decaffeinated products is a good practice. It’s also advisable to avoid consuming any of these substances at least six hours before bedtime.
Reduce screen time and blue light exposure before bed
While some can sleep with the light turned on, others prefer the lights turned off. Yet, no matter an individual’s preference, there are certain effects of light that affect sleep. White light, like sunlight, is made up of all the colors of the visible light spectrum, which affects alertness, hormone production, and sleep cycles.
Blue light, on the other hand, is a portion of the visible light spectrum. At night, it suppresses the secretion of melatonin, a hormone that makes us feel drowsy. Blue light deceives the brain into staying alert at night, making it difficult to sleep. A good practice is to stay off blue light-emitting devices—or use blue light-blocking filters on screens—at least an hour before your scheduled bedtime.
Relax before bed
For a person to fall asleep, the body and mind need to be in a restful state. Sometimes the body is in the position to rest, but the mind keeps drifting. An excellent practice is repeating relaxation exercises before going to bed. This can be listening to music, reading a book, or any activity that helps you wind down. These activities help relaxation by lowering heart rate and blood pressure and improving general well-being.
Try using mindfulness techniques like body scanning and deep breathing
There are mindfulness techniques people claim can make you sleep at will. While there is no research to back these claims, visualization and breathing exercises can help people fall asleep. Body scans are a type of visualization exercise that involves paying systematic attention to various parts of the body. This technique is similar to one that is reportedly practiced in the U.S. Army. The aim is to shut down each part of your body, from the forehead to the feet.
Breathing exercises are also one of the most simple and basic ways to trigger the body’s natural relaxation response. This exercise not only helps to reduce tension and calm the body, but it also helps to strengthen the respiratory system.
Avoid overusing naps
After a stressful activity, naps are a simple remedy. However, taking a long snooze at the wrong moment might backfire. For some people, short naps won’t affect their nighttime sleep quality, but for people who experience insomnia, napping might do more harm than good.
This isn’t to argue that naps aren’t beneficial, but people need to understand how to get the most out of naps. The best way to take a nap is to keep them short, create a relaxing atmosphere, and avoid taking late afternoon naps that can interfere with nighttime sleep. Individual sleep schedules, age, medicine, and the desire for sleep all play a role in selecting the best time to nap.
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