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Posted on Aug 12, 2021 | Author Dr. Siddharth Chowdhury

 

 

The pandemic has brought about a plethora of responsibilities on women. Not only are they juggling domestic and work matters, but they have also had to be the mediators in clashes between family members who have forgotten how to live with each other, being forced to stay under a single roof.

 

This trouble-shooting skill whilst very important opens up a woman to a lot of stress which may lead to some anxious moments.

 

It is an established fact that anxiety can be a major contributor to decreased productivity, lack of quality sleep, loss of appetite and general malaise amongst a host of other things.

 

 

 

How can women manage their anxiety then?

 

 

 

Here are a few ways to go about it for starters.

 

1.    learning about anxiety

 

2.    mindfulness

 

3.    relaxation techniques

 

4.    correct breathing techniques

 

5.    cognitive therapy

 

6.    behaviour therapy

 

7.    counselling 

 

8.    dietary adjustments

 

9.    exercise

 

10.                       learning to be assertive

 

11.                       building self-esteem

 

12.                       structured problem solving

 

13.                       medication

 

14.                       support groups

 

 

 

 

 

Learning about anxiety

 

The old proverb ‘knowledge is power’ applies here – learning all about anxiety is central to recovery. For example, learning includes looking at the physiology of the ‘flight-or-fight’ response, which is the body’s natural response to imminent danger. For people with anxiety disorders, this response is inappropriately triggered by situations that are generally harmless. Learning is an important way to promote control over symptoms.

 

 

 

Mindfulness

 

When anxious, people can spend a significant amount of time caught up in anxiety-provoking thoughts. Mindfulness can help guide back to the present moment and distance oneself from thoughts that may be counterproductive.

 

 

 

Mindfulness is starting to become commonplace as people start to realise how beneficial it is.

 

 

 

Relaxation techniques

 

A person who is anxious most of the time has trouble being able to relax, but the knowledge of relaxation techniques can be a game changer. Relaxation techniques include:

 

 

 

1.    progressive muscle relaxation

 

2.    abdominal breathing

 

3.    isometric relaxation exercises.

 

4.    Correct breathing techniques

 

 

 

The physical symptoms of anxiety may be triggered by hyperventilation, which raises oxygen levels and reduces the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood. Carbon dioxide assists in the regulation of the body’s reaction to anxiety and panic.

 

 

 

It can be helpful for a person who suffers from anxiety to learn how to breathe from their diaphragm, rather than their chest, to safeguard against hyperventilation. The key is allowing your belly to expand as you breathe in.

 

 

 

You can make sure you are breathing correctly by placing one hand on your lower abdomen and the other on your chest. Correct breathing means your abdomen moves, rather than your chest. It also helps to slow your breathing while feeling anxious.

 

 

 

Some people can find abdominal breathing challenging. There are many other breathing techniques that you can try. You can also try to hold your breath for a few seconds. This helps to boost carbon dioxide levels in the blood.

 

 

 

Cognitive therapy

 

Cognitive therapy focuses on changing patterns of thinking and beliefs that are associated with, and trigger, anxiety. For example, a person with a social phobia may make their anxiety worse by negative thoughts such as, ‘Everyone thinks I’m boring’.

 

 

 

The basis of cognitive therapy is that beliefs trigger thoughts, which then trigger feelings and produce behaviours. For example, let’s say you believe (perhaps unconsciously) that you must be liked by everyone in order to feel worthwhile. If someone turns away from you mid-conversation, you may think, ‘This person hates me’, which makes you feel anxious.

 

 

 

Cognitive therapy strategies include rational ‘self-talk’, reality testing, attention training, cognitive challenging and cognitive restructuring. This includes monitoring your self-talk, challenging unhelpful fears and beliefs, and testing out the reality of negative thoughts.

 

 

 

Behaviour therapy

 

A major component of behaviour therapy is exposure. Exposure therapy involves deliberately confronting your fears in order to desensitise yourself. Exposure allows you to train yourself to redefine the danger or fear aspect of the situation or trigger.

 

 

 

The steps of exposure therapy may include:

 

1.    Rank your fears in order, from most to least threatening.

 

2.    Choose to work first on one of your least threatening fears.

 

3.    Think about the feared situation. Imagine yourself experiencing the situation. Analyse your fears -– what are you afraid of?

 

4.    Work out a plan that includes a number of small steps – for example, gradually decrease the distance between yourself and the feared situation or object, or gradually increase the amount of time spent in the feared situation.

 

5.    Resist the urge to leave. Use relaxation, breathing techniques and coping statements to help manage your anxiety.

 

6.    Afterwards, appreciate that nothing bad happened.

 

7.    Repeat the exposure as often as you can to build confidence that you can cope.

 

8.    When you are ready, tackle another feared situation in the same step-by-step manner.

 

 

 

Dietary adjustments

 

The mineral magnesium helps muscle tissue to relax, and a magnesium deficiency can contribute to anxiety, depression and insomnia. Inadequate intake of vitamin B and calcium can also exacerbate anxiety symptoms. Make sure your daily diet includes foods such as whole-grain cereals, leafy green vegetables and low-fat dairy products.

 

 

 

Nicotine, caffeine and stimulant drugs (such as those that contain caffeine) trigger your adrenal glands to release adrenaline, which is one of the main stress chemicals. These are best avoided. Other foods to avoid include salt and artificial additives, such as preservatives. Choose fresh, unprocessed foods whenever possible.

 

 

 

Exercise

 

The physical symptoms of anxiety are caused by the ‘flight-or-fight’ response, which floods the body with adrenaline and other stress chemicals. Exercise burns up stress chemicals and promotes relaxation. Physical activity is another helpful way to manage anxiety. Aim to do some physical activity at least three to four times every week, and vary your activities to avoid boredom.

 

 

 

Learning to be assertive

 

Being assertive means communicating your needs, wants, feelings, beliefs and opinions to others in a direct and honest manner without intentionally hurting anyone’s feelings. A person with an anxiety disorder may have trouble being assertive because they are afraid of conflict or believe they have no right to speak up. However, relating passively to others lowers self-confidence and reinforces anxiety. Learning to behave assertively is central to developing a stronger self-esteem.

 

 

 

Building self-esteem

 

People with anxiety disorder often have low self-esteem. Feeling worthless can make the anxiety worse in many ways. It can trigger a passive style of interacting with others and foster a fear of being judged harshly. Low self-esteem may also be related to the impact of the anxiety disorder on your life. These problems may include:

 

1.    isolation

 

2.    feelings of shame and guilt

 

3.    depressed mood

 

4.    difficulties in functioning at school, work or in social situations.

 

5.    The good news is you can take steps to learn about and improve your self-esteem. Community support organisations and counselling may help you to cope with these problems.

 

 

 

Structured problem solving

 

Some people with anxiety disorders are ‘worriers’, who fret about a problem rather than actively solve it. Learning how to break down a problem into its various components – and then decide on a course of action – is a valuable skill that can help manage generalised anxiety and depression. This is known as structured problem solving.

 

 

 

Medication

 

It is important that medications are seen as a short-term measure, rather than the solution to anxiety disorders.

 

 

 

Research studies have shown that psychological therapies, such as cognitive behaviour therapy, are much more effective than medications in managing anxiety disorders in the long term. Your doctor may prescribe a brief course of tranquillisers or antidepressants to help you deal with your symptoms while other treatment options are given a chance to take effect.

 

 

 

Support groups and education

 

Support groups allow people with anxiety to meet in comfort and safety, and give and receive support. They also provide the opportunity to learn more about anxiety and to develop social networks.

 

 

QUOTES

 

 

 

When anxious, people can spend a significant amount of time caught up in anxiety-provoking thoughts. Mindfulness can help guide back to the present moment and distance oneself from thoughts that may be counterproductive.

 

 

 

People with anxiety disorder often have low self-esteem. Feeling worthless can make the anxiety worse in many ways. It can trigger a passive style of interacting with others and foster a fear of being judged harshly.

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