Optimization of Electroporation and other NonāViral Gene Delivery Strategies for T Cells
Biotechnology Progress
(
IF
2.334
)
Pub DateĀ :Ā 2020-08-17
, DOI:
10.1002/btpr.3066
Emily Harris; Jacob J. Elmer
CARāT therapy is a particularly effective treatment for some types of cancer that uses retroviruses to deliver the gene for a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) to a patient's T cells ex vivo. The CAR enables the T cells to bind and eradicate cells with a specific surface marker (e.g., CD19+ B cells) after they are transfused back into the patient. This treatment was proven to be particularly effective in treating nonāHodgkins lymphoma (NHL) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but the current CARāT cell manufacturing process has a few significant drawbacks. For example, while lentiviral and gammaretroviral transduction are both relatively effective, the process of producing viral vectors is timeāconsuming and costly. Additionally, patients must undergo follow up appointments for several years to monitor them for any unanticipated side effects associated with the virus. Therefore, several studies have endeavored to find alternative nonāviral gene delivery methods that are more inexpensive, precise, simple, and safe. This review focuses on the current state of the most promising nonāviral gene delivery techniques, including electroporation and transfection with cationic polymers or lipids.
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